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We show that the exponential of the Gauss (self) linking number of a knot is a solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in loop space with a cosmological constant. Using this fact, it is straightforward to prove that the second coefficient…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Gambini , J. Pullin

We present a systematic expansion of all constraint equations in canonical quantum gravity up to the order of the inverse Planck mass squared. It is demonstrated that this method generates the conventional Feynman diagrammatic technique…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 A. O. Barvinsky , C. Kiefer

Loop Quantum Gravity provides a natural truncation of the infinite degrees of freedom of gravity, obtained by studying the theory on a given finite graph. We review this procedure and we present the construction of the canonical theory on a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-27 Enrique F. Borja , Iñaki Garay , Francesca Vidotto

The Hamiltonian constraint remains an elusive object in loop quantum gravity because its action on spinnetworks leads to changes in their corresponding graphs. As a result, calculations in loop quantum gravity are often considered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-28 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Markus Müller , Francesca Vidotto

We use the mathematical framework of loop quantum gravity (LQG) to study the quantization of three dimensional (Riemannian) gravity with positive cosmological constant (Lambda>0). We show that the usual regularization techniques (successful…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Alejandro Perez , Daniele Pranzetti

An alternative quantization of the gravitational Hamiltonian constraint of the $k=-1$ Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model is proposed by treating the Euclidean term and the Lorentzian term independently, mimicking the treatment of full loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-23 Jinsong Yang , Cong Zhang , Xiangdong Zhang

These notes summarise a talk surveying the combinatorial or Hamiltonian quantisation of three dimensional gravity in the Chern-Simons formulation, with an emphasis on the role of quantum groups and on the way the various physical constants…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-20 Bernd J Schroers

We describe a deformation of the observable algebra of quantum gravity in which the loop algebra is extended to framed loops. This allows an alternative nonperturbative quantization which is suitable for describing a phase of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Seth Major , Lee Smolin

In this article we review the foundations and the present status of loop quantum gravity. It is short and relatively non-technical, the emphasis is on the ideas, and the flavor of the techniques. In particular, we describe the kinematical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-02 Hanno Sahlmann

An elementary introduction to knot theory and its link to quantum field theory is presented with an intention to provide details of some basic calculations in the subject, which are not easily found in texts. Study of Chern-Simons theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-10 Shoaib Akhtar

The scheme of using the Chern-Simons action to regularize the gravitational Hamiltonian constraint is extended to including the Lorentzian term in the $k=0$ cosmological model. The Euclidean term and the Lorenzian term are thus regularized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-12 Jinsong Yang , Cong Zhang , Yongge Ma

We analyze the issue of anomaly-free representations of the constraint algebra in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) in the context of a diffeomorphism-invariant gauge theory in three spacetime dimensions. We construct a Hamiltonian constraint…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-04 Adam Henderson , Alok Laddha , Casey Tomlin

A quantum theory of gravity is described in the case of a positive cosmological constant in 3+1 dimensions. Both old and new results are described, which support the case that loop quantum gravity provides a satisfactory quantum theory of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

In this paper we construct the Hamiltonian constraint operator of loop quantum cosmology using holonomies defined for arbitrary irreducible SU(2) representations labeled by spin J. We show that modifications to the effective semi-classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Kevin Vandersloot

A nonlocal quantum gravity theory is presented which is finite and unitary to all orders of perturbation theory. Vertex form factors in Feynman diagrams involving gravitons suppress graviton and matter vacuum fluctuation loops by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. Moffat

In loop quantum cosmology, one has to make a choice of SU(2) irreducible representation in which to compute holonomies and regularize the curvature of the connection. The systematic choice made in the literature is to work in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-26 Jibril Ben Achour , Suddhasattwa Brahma , Marc Geiller

We consider 3-dimensional Euclidean gravity in the weak coupling limit of Smolin and show that it is BF-theory with $\text{U(1)}^3$ as a Lie group. The theory is quantised using loop quantum gravity methods. The kinematical degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-17 Hanno Sahlmann , Waleed Sherif

We point out several features of the quantum Hamiltonian constraints recently introduced by Thiemann for Euclidean gravity. In particular we discuss the issue of the constraint algebra and of the quantum realization of the object…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Rodolfo Gambini , Jerzy Lewandowski , Donald Marolf , Jorge Pullin

In the last 20 years, loop quantum gravity, a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, has been widely investigated. The aim of loop quantum gravity is to construct a mathematically rigorous,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-06-25 Muxin Han

We analyze the connections between the mathematical theory of knots and quantum physics by addressing a number of algorithmic questions related to both knots and braid groups. Knots can be distinguished by means of `knot invariants', among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 S. Garnerone , A. Marzuoli , M. Rasetti