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We study the structure and representations of a family of vertex algebras obtained from affine superalgebras by quantum reduction. As an application, we obtain in a unified way free field realizations and determinant formulas for all…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-01-17 Victor Kac , Minoru Wakimoto

We look at the covariant techniques and the ideas on constraints and gauge-invariance, which were recently employed in [gr-qc/0702104] to support earlier work by the same authors. That work was criticised in [gr-qc/0503042]. Using very…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Christos G. Tsagas

The superposition principle is a very basic ingredient of quantum theory. What may come as a surprise to many students, and even to many practitioners of the quantum craft, is tha superposition has limitations imposed by certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-15 C. Cisneros , R. P. Martínez-y-Romero , H. N. Nuñez-Yepez , A. L. Salas-Brito

The scope of constrained differential renormalization is to provide renormalized expressions for Feynman graphs, preserving at the same time the Ward identities of the theory. It has been shown recently that this can be done consistently at…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. del Aguila , M. Perez-Victoria

ResNets constrained to be bi-Lipschitz, that is, approximately distance preserving, have been a crucial component of recently proposed techniques for deterministic uncertainty quantification in neural models. We show that theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lewis Smith , Joost van Amersfoort , Haiwen Huang , Stephen Roberts , Yarin Gal

In a recent work we showed that for a Hamiltonian system with constraints, the set of constraints can be investigated in first and second class constraint chains. We show here that using this "chain by chain" method for an arbitrary system…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A Shirzad , F Loran

The irreducible unitary representations of the Banach Lie group $U_0(\H)$ (which is the norm-closure of the inductive limit $\cup_k U(k)$) of unitary operators on a separable Hilbert space $\H$, which were found by Kirillov and Ol'shanskii,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 N. P. Landsman

Machine learning models are widely used for real-world applications, such as document analysis and vision. Constrained machine learning problems are problems where learned models have to both be accurate and respect constraints. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Guillaume Perez , Sebastian Ament , Carla Gomes , Arnaud Lallouet

We study refined and motivic wall-crossing formulas in N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories with SU(2) gauge group and N_f < 4 matter hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. Such gauge theories provide an excellent testing ground…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-01-04 Tudor Dimofte , Sergei Gukov , Yan Soibelman

In this paper, we study abstract dynamical systems with discrete phase spaces. One example of such a system is induced by the $3 x{+}1$-map on the set of all natural numbers, also known as the Collatz map. Our main focus is on dynamical…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Takehiko Mori

In this paper, we introduce and develop the concept of conditional quantization for Borel probability measures on $\mathbb{R}^k,$ considering both constrained and unconstrained frameworks. For each setting, we define the associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Megha Pandey , Mrinal Kanti Roychowdhury

For homogeneous bilinear control systems, the control sets are characterized using a Lie algebra rank condition for the induced systems on projective space. This is based on a classical Diophantine approximation result. For affine control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-01 Fritz Colonius , Juliana Raupp , Alexandre J. Santana

We study canonical filtrations of finite-dimensional associative algebras and Lie algebras. These filtrations are defined via optimal destabilizing one-parameter subgroups in the sense of geometric invariant theory (GIT), and appear to be a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Trevor Jones

An algebraic framework in which to study infinite sums is proposed, complementing and augmenting the usual topological tools. The framework subsumes numerous examples in the literature. It is developed using many varied examples, with a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Pace P. Nielsen

A gauge-invariant formulation of constrained variational calculus, based on the introduction of the bundle of affine scalars over the configuration manifold, is presented. In the resulting setup, the Lagrangian is replaced by a section of a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-10-17 Danilo Bruno , Gianvittorio Luria , Enrico Pagani

Let a quantified inequality constraint over the reals be a formula in the first-order predicate language over the structure of the real numbers, where the allowed predicate symbols are $\leq$ and $<$. Solving such constraints is an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Stefan Ratschan

We propose a general method for constructing boundary integrable Gaudin models associated with (twisted) affine algebras ${\cal G}^{(k)} (k=1, 2)$, where ${\cal G}$ is a simple Lie algebra or superalgebra. Many new integrable Gaudin models…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark D. Gould , Wen-Li Yang , Yao-Zhong Zhang , Shao-You Zhao

Firstly, we present a reformulation of the standard canonical approach to spherically symmetric systems in which the radial gauge is imposed. This is done via the gauge unfixing technique, which serves as the exposition in the context of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-20 Norbert Bodendorfer , Jerzy Lewandowski , Jedrzej Świeżewski

A brief review of some recent results on the global self-adjoint formulation of systems with boundaries is presented. We specialize to the 1-dimensional case and obtain a dynamical formulation of quantum confinement.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-09-11 Nuno Costa Dias , João Nuno Prata

In this paper we examine an alternative formulation of the gauge principle in which the emphasis is shifted from the symmetry transformations to their generators. We show that the gauge principle can be entirely reformulated in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-30 Petr Jizba , Josep Maria Pons