Related papers: Collapsing regions and black hole formation
In this paper, we construct a class of collapsing spacetimes in vacuum without any symmetries. The spacetime contains a black hole region which is bounded from the past by the future event horizon. It possesses a Cauchy hypersurface with…
We determine the causal structure of the McVittie spacetime for a cosmological model with an asymmetric bounce. The analysis includes the computation of trapping horizons, regular, trapped, and anti-trapped regions, and the integration of…
We give a simple construction of smooth, asymptotically flat vacuum initial data modeling a relativistic collapsing $N$--body system, with independently prescribed ADM energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum for each component,…
Global properties of maximal future Cauchy developments of stationary, m-dimensional asymptotically flat initial data with an outer trapped boundary are analyzed. We prove that, whenever the matter model is well posed and satisfies the null…
To observe the dynamic formation of black holes in general relativity, one essentially needs to prove that closed trapped surfaces form during evolution from initial data that do not already contain trapped surfaces. We discuss the recent…
The boundary of the region in spacetime containing future-trapped closed surfaces is considered. In asymptotically flat spacetimes, this boundary does not need to be the event horizon nor a dynamical/trapping horizon. Some properties of…
In singularity generating spacetimes both the out-going and in-going expansions of null geodesic congruences $\theta ^{+}$ and $\theta ^{-}$ should become increasingly negative without bound, inside the horizon. This behavior leads to…
We consider the region $\mathscr{T}$ in spacetime containing future-trapped closed surfaces and its boundary $\B$, and derive some of their general properties. We then concentrate on the case of spherical symmetry, but the methods we use…
We construct a family of asymptotically flat Cauchy initial data for the Einstein vacuum equations that contain no trapped surfaces, yet whose future development admits multiple causally independent trapped surfaces. Assuming the weak…
We show the existence of complete, asymptotically flat Cauchy initial data for the vacuum Einstein field equations, free of trapped surfaces, whose future development must admit a trapped surface. Moreover, the datum is exactly a constant…
It's widely recognized that the free energy landscape captures the essentials of thermodynamic phase transitions. In this work, we extend the findings of [1] by incorporating the nonextensive nature of black hole entropy. Specifically, the…
The general validity of the area law for black holes is still an open problem. We first show in detail how to complete the usually incompletely stated text-book proofs under the assumption of piecewise $C^2$-smoothness for the surface of…
The gravitational collapse of an infinite cylindrical thin shell of generic matter in an otherwise empty spacetime is considered. We show that geometries admitting two hypersurface orthogonal Killing vectors cannot contain trapped surfaces…
Marginally outer trapped surfaces are widely considered as the best quasi-local replacements for event horizons of black holes in General Relativity. However, this equivalence is far from being proved, even in stationary and static…
Using a second law of complexity, we prove a black hole singularity theorem. By introducing the notion of trapped extremal surfaces, we show that their existence implies null geodesic incompleteness inside globally hyperbolic black holes.…
We prove that the area of sections of future event horizons in space-times satisfying the null energy condition is non-decreasing towards the future under any one of the following circumstances: 1) the horizon is future geodesically…
This paper considers some fundamental questions concerning marginally trapped surfaces, or apparent horizons, in Cauchy data sets for the Einstein equation. An area estimate for outermost marginally trapped surfaces is proved. The proof…
This is the first and main paper of a two-part series, in which we prove the $C^{2}$-formulation of the strong cosmic censorship conjecture for the Einstein-Maxwell-(real)-scalar-field system in spherical symmetry for two-ended…
Trapped regions bounded by horizons are the defining features of black holes. However, formation of a singularity-free apparent horizon in finite time of a distant observer is consistent only with special states of geometry and matter in…
We obtain an improved version of the area theorem for not necessarily differentiable horizons which, in conjunction with a recent result on the completeness of generators, allows us to prove that under the null energy condition every…