Related papers: A 3D Apparent Horizon Finder
We have developed a general method for finding apparent horizons in 3D numerical relativity. Instead of solving for the partial differential equation describing the location of the apparent horizons, we expand the closed 2D surfaces in…
Event and apparent horizons are key diagnostics for the presence and properties of black holes. In this article I review numerical algorithms and codes for finding event and apparent horizons in numerically-computed spacetimes, focusing on…
We present a new spectral-method-based algorithm for finding apparent horizons in three-dimensional space-like hypersurfaces without symmetries. While there are already a wide variety of algorithms for finding apparent horizons, our new…
Apparent horizon plays an important role in numerical relativity as it provides a tool to characterize the existence and properties of black holes on three-dimensional spatial slices in 3+1 numerical spacetimes. Apparent horizon finders…
Locating apparent horizons is not only important for a complete understanding of numerically generated spacetimes, but it may also be a crucial component of the technique for evolving black-hole spacetimes accurately. A scheme proposed by…
I present a fast algorithm to find apparent horizons. This algorithm uses an explicit representation of the horizon surface, allowing for arbitrary horizon resolutions and, in principle, shapes. Novel in this approach is that the tensor…
In 3+1 numerical simulations of dynamic black hole spacetimes, it's useful to be able to find the apparent horizon(s) (AH) in each slice of a time evolution. A number of AH finders are available, but they often take many minutes to run, so…
Event Horizon, a null hypersurface defining the boundary of the black hole region of a spacetime, is not particularly useful for evolving black holes since it is non-local in time. Instead, one uses the more tangible concept of Apparent…
We describe a finite-difference method for locating apparent horizons and illustrate its capabilities on boosted Kerr and Schwarzschild black holes. Our model spacetime is given by the Kerr-Schild metric. We apply a Lorentz boost to this…
We report the development of the first apparent horizon locator capable of finding multiple apparent horizons in a ``generic'' numerical black hole spacetime. We use a level-flow method which, starting from a single arbitrary initial trial…
We present a series of test beds for numerical codes designed to find apparent horizons. We consider three apparent horizon finders that use different numerical methods: one of them in axisymmetry, and two fully three-dimensional. We…
This paper presents a quasi-local method of studying the physics of dynamical black holes in numerical simulations. This is done within the dynamical horizon framework, which extends the earlier work on isolated horizons to time-dependent…
Apparent horizons are structures of spacelike hypersurfaces that can be determined locally in time. Closed surfaces of constant expansion (CE surfaces) are a generalisation of apparent horizons. I present an efficient method for locating CE…
We have developed a powerful and efficient method for locating the event horizon of a black hole spacetime, making possible the study of the dynamics of event horizons in numerical relativity. We describe the method and apply it to a…
I present a new general purpose event horizon finder for full 3D numerical spacetimes. It works by evolving a complete null surface backwards in time. The null surface is described as the zero level set of a scalar function, that in…
The dynamics of apparent and event horizons of various black hole spacetimes, including those containing distorted, rotating and colliding black holes, are studied. We have developed a powerful and efficient new method for locating the…
The requirement that a trapped spacetime domain forms in finite time for distant observers is logically possible and sometimes unavoidable, but its consequences are not yet fully understood. In spherical symmetry, the characterization of…
We report on a new 3D numerical code designed to solve the Einstein equations for general vacuum spacetimes. This code is based on the standard 3+1 approach using cartesian coordinates. We discuss the numerical techniques used in developing…
This paper treats boundary conditions on black hole horizons for the full 3+1D Einstein equations. Following a number of authors, the apparent horizon is employed as the inner boundary on a space slice. It is emphasized that a further…
Event horizons are the defining physical features of black hole spacetimes, and are of considerable interest in studying black hole dynamics. Here, we reconsider three techniques to localise event horizons in numerical spacetimes:…