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In the study of alternative or extended theories of gravity, Dirac's Hamiltonian constraint algorithm is invaluable for enumerating the propagating modes and gauge symmetries. For gravity, this canonical approach is frequently applied as a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Will Barker

We present a systematic approach to the kinematics of quantum-reduced loop gravity, a model originally proposed by Alesci and Cianfrani as an attempt to probe the physical implications of loop quantum gravity. We implement the quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-03 Ilkka Mäkinen

Different analogs of quasiclassical limit for a q-oscillator which result in different (commutative and non-commutative) algebras of ``classical'' observables are derived. In particular, this gives the q-deformed Poisson brackets in terms…

q-alg · Mathematics 2009-10-30 M. Chaichian , A. Demichev , P. P. Kulish

A new symmetric Hamiltonian constraint operator is proposed for loop quantum gravity, which is well defined in the Hilbert space of diffeomorphism invariant states up to non-planar vertices with valence higher than three. It inherits the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-04 Jinsong Yang , Yongge Ma

The quantization of pure 3D gravity with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a finite boundary is of interest both as a model of quantum gravity in which one can compute quantities which are "more local" than S-matrices or asymptotic boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-29 Per Kraus , Ruben Monten , Richard M. Myers

We find a first--order partial differential equation whose solutions are all ultralocal scalar combinations of gravitational constraints with Abelian Poisson brackets between themselves. This is a generalisation of the Kucha\v{r} idea of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 F. G. Markopoulou

We review aspects of loop quantum gravity in a pedagogical manner, with the aim of enabling a precise but critical assessment of its achievements so far. We emphasise that the off-shell (`strong') closure of the constraint algebra is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Hermann Nicolai , Kasper Peeters , Marija Zamaklar

Within the context of the Ashtekar variables, the Hamiltonian constraint of four-dimensional pure General Relativity with cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, is reexpressed as an affine algebra with the commutator of the imaginary part of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-02-28 Chou Ching-Yi , Eyo Ita , Chopin Soo

New results from the new variables/loop representation program of nonperturbative quantum gravity are presented, with a focus on results of Ashtekar, Rovelli and the author which greatly clarify the physical interpretation of the quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

A fully consistent linear perturbation theory for cosmology is derived in the presence of quantum corrections as they are suggested by properties of inverse volume operators in loop quantum gravity. The underlying constraints present a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Martin Bojowald , Golam Mortuza Hossain , Mikhail Kagan , S. Shankaranarayanan

We develop the quantization of unimodular gravity in the Plebanski and Ashtekar formulations and show that the quantum effective action defined by a formal path integral is unimodular. This means that the effective quantum geometry does not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 Lee Smolin

We discuss the issue initiated by Kucha\v{r} {\it et al}, of replacing the usual Hamiltonian constraint by alternative combinations of the gravitational constraints (scalar densities of arbitrary weight), whose Poisson brackets strongly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Ioannis Kouletsis

In loop quantum gravity (LQG), states of the gravitational field are represented by labeled graphs called spin networks. Their dynamics can be described by a Hamiltonian constraint, { which acts on the spin network states modifying both…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-27 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Francesca Vidotto , Markus Müller

The Gauss constraint in the extended loop representation for quantum gravity is studied. It is shown that there exists a sector of the state space that is rigorously gauge invariant without the generic convergence issues of the extended…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Cayetano Di Bartolo

In the Dirac bracket approach to dynamical systems with second class constraints observables are represented by elements of a quotient Dirac bracket algebra. We describe families of new realizations of this algebra through quotients of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. V. Bratchikov

In this paper we analyze the structure of some subalgebras of quantized enveloping algebras corresponding to unipotent and solvable subgroups of a simple Lie group G. These algebras have the non--commutative structure of iterated algebras…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 C. De Concini , Victor G. Kac , C. Procesi

The Hamiltonian constraint remains an elusive object in loop quantum gravity because its action on spinnetworks leads to changes in their corresponding graphs. As a result, calculations in loop quantum gravity are often considered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-28 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Markus Müller , Francesca Vidotto

In a remarkable paper, T. Koslowski introduced kinematical representations for loop quantum gravity in which there is a non-degenerate spatial background metric present. He also considered their properties, and showed that Gauss and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-10-27 Hanno Sahlmann

We reconsider the Rovelli-Smolin model of gravity coupled to the Klein-Gordon time field with an eye towards capturing the degrees of freedom of the scalar field lost in the framework in which time is deparametrized by the scalar field.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Jerzy Lewandowski , Hanno Sahlmann

The loop quantum gravity technique is applied to the free bosonic string. A Hilbert space similar to loop space in loop quantum gravity as well as representations of diffeomorphism and hamiltonian constraints on it are constructed. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Artem Starodubtsev