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Related papers: Equivalent Quantisations of (2+1)-Dimensional Grav…

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We study topologically massive (2+1)-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant. The masses of the linearized curvature excitations about AdS_3 backgrounds are not only shifted from their flat background values but, more…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip , S. Deser , A. Waldron , D. K. Wise

We study the dynamics of particles coupled to gravity in (2 + 1) dimensions. Using the ADM formalism, we derive the general Hamiltonian for an N-body system and analyze the dynamics of a two-particle system. Non-linear terms are found up to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-01 Alexandre Yale , R. B. Mann , Tadayuki Ohta

We show that the Hamiltonian of four-dimensional Lorentzian gravity, defined on a space of real, SU(2)-valued connections, in spite of its non-polynomiality possesses a natural quantum analogue in a lattice-discretized formulation of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-09 R. Loll

Positive energy singularities induced by Sine-Gordon solitons in 1+1 dimensional dilaton gravity with positive and negative cosmological constant are considered. When the cosmological constant is positive, the singularities combine a white…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 Cenalo Vaz , Louis Witten

The 2+1+1 decomposition of space-time is useful in monitoring the temporal evolution of gravitational perturbations/waves in space-times with a spatial direction singled-out by symmetries. Such an approach based on a perpendicular double…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-03 Cecília Gergely , Zoltán Keresztes , László Árpád Gergely

The two lineal gravities --- based on the de Sitter group or a central extension of the Poincar\'e group in 1+1 dimensions --- are shown to derive classically from a unique topological gauge theory. This one is obtained after a dimensional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Daniel Cangemi

We examine the relationship between covariant and canonical (Ashtekar/Rovelli/Smolin) loop variables in the context of BF type topological field theories in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions, with respective gauge groups SO(2,1) and SO(3,1). The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Y. Bi , J. Gegenberg

The quantization of two-dimensional Ho\v{r}ava theory of gravity without the projectability condition is considered. Our study of the Hamiltonian structure of the theory shows that there are two first-class and two second-class constraints.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-22 Bao-Fei Li , V. H. Satheeshkumar , Anzhong Wang

We perform the Hamiltonian analysis of unimodular gravity in terms of the connection representation. The unimodular condition is imposed straightforwardly into the action with a Lagrange multiplier. After classifying constraints into first…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-09 Shinji Yamashita

I illustrate a simple hamiltonian formulation of general relativity, derived from the work of Esposito, Gionti and Stornaiolo, which is manifestly 4d generally covariant and is defined over a finite dimensional space. The spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlo Rovelli

Einstein Gravity in 2+1 dimensions arises as a consequence of the equations of motion of a gauge model in an external metric. Newton's constant appears as an order parameter of a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry. Matter is coupled in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Brooks , D. Cangemi , M. Crescimanno

An alternative quantization of the gravitational Hamiltonian constraint of the $k=-1$ Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model is proposed by treating the Euclidean term and the Lorentzian term independently, mimicking the treatment of full loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-23 Jinsong Yang , Cong Zhang , Xiangdong Zhang

Nonrelativistic Newton and Schroedinger equations remain correct not only under holonomic but also under nonholonomic transformations of the spacetime coordinates. Here we study the properties of transformations which are holonomic in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Pelster , H. Kleinert

We present a full study of the 3-body problem in gravity in flat (2+1)-dimensional space-time, and in the nonrelativistic limit of small velocities. We provide an explicit form of the ADM Hamiltonian in a regular coordinate system and we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-16 M. Ciafaloni , S. Munier

By virtue of harmonic maps on two-dimensional spheres (S$^{2}$), a topological quantization in spacetime is proposed. The discrete character of all physical quantities follows naturally. A Schwarzschild black hole, non-black hole and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-30 M. Halilsoy , S. Habib Mazharimousavi

We show how an observer could measure the non-local holonomy variables that parametrise the flat Lorentzian 3d manifolds arising as spacetimes in (2+1)-gravity. We consider an observer who emits lightrays that return to him at a later time…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 C. Meusburger

We consider the formulation of entropic gravity in two spacetime dimensions. The usual gravitational force law is derived even in the absence of area, as normally required by the holographic principle. A special feature of this perspective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-31 R. B. Mann , J. R. Mureika

In previous work we discussed the quantization of paths in spacetime. Building on these ideas we have developed a mathematically coherent theory addressing a number of open questions concerning Loop Quantum Gravity. Our approach develops a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-07 James Moffat , Charles H. -T. Wang

In 3+1 space-time dimensions, fourth order derivative gravity is perturbatively renormalizable. Here it is shown that it describes a unitary theory of gravitons (with/without an additional scalar) in a limited coupling parameter space which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Gaurav Narain , Ramesh Anishetty

Motivated by situations with temporal evolution and spatial symmetries both singled out, we develop a new 2+1+1 decomposition of spacetime, based on a nonorthogonal double foliation. Time evolution proceeds along the leaves of the spatial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-05 Cecília Gergely , Zoltán Keresztes , László Á. Gergely