Related papers: Classification of spacelike surfaces in spacetime
In this paper, based on the theory of surfaces in the four-dimensional Euclidean space which generalizes the theory of surfaces in three-dimensional Euclidean space, beside other results, we will give a characterization of points on…
A new approach to the algebraic classification of second order symmetric tensors in 5-dimensional space-times is presented. The possible Segre types for a symmetric two-tensor are found. A set of canonical forms for each Segre type is…
We investigate the formation of trapped surfaces in cosmological spacetimes, using constant mean curvature slicing. Quantitative criteria for the formation of trapped surfaces demonstrate that cosmological regions enclosed by trapped…
We argue that every finite piecewise smooth spacelike two-surface of spacetime possesses an entropy which is, in natural units, one quarter of its area. However, the thermodynamical properties of a two-surface become apparent only to the…
We study the phase space of spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmology in general scalar-tensor theories. A reduction to a two-dimensional phase space is performed when possible-in these situations the phase space is usually a…
In this paper we study topological surfaces as gridded surfaces in the 2-dimensional scaffolding of cubic honeycombs in Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces.
Recent developments in string theory suggest that there might exist extra spatial dimensions, which are not small nor compact. The framework of most brane cosmological models is that in which the matter fields are confined on a brane-world…
We classify completely the surfaces of general type whose canonical map is 3-to-1 onto a surface of minimal degree in projective space. These surfaces fall into 5 distinct classes and we give explicit examples belonging to each of these…
S. Blank solved the question of classifying immersed circles in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ that extend to immersed disks, and how many topologically inequivalent disks can be extended. The quetions of various cases in $2$-dimension have already been…
The lightlike geometry of codimension two spacelike submanifolds in Lorentz-Minkowski space has been developed in [Izumiya, S. and Romero Fuster, M. C. Selecta Mathematica (NS), 13 23--55 (2007)] which is a natural Lorentzian analogue of…
A time-flat condition on spacelike 2-surfaces in spacetime is considered here. This condition is analogous to constant torsion condition for curves in three dimensional space and has been studied in [2, 4, 5, 12, 13]. In particular, any…
We give a complete classification of umbilical surfaces of arbitrary codimension of a product $Q^{n_1}_{k_1}\times Q^{n_2}_{k_2}$ of space forms whose curvatures satisfy $k_1 + k_2 \not= 0$.
We study objects in triangulated categories which have a two-dimensional graded endomorphism algebra. Given such an object, we show that there is a unique maximal triangulated subcategory, in which the object is spherical. This general…
We discuss the geometry of timelike surfaces (two-dimensional submanifolds) in a Lorentzian manifold and its interpretation in terms of general relativity. A classification of such surfaces is presented which distinguishes four cases of…
There are a number of algebraic classifications of spacetimes in higher dimensions utilizing alignment theory, bivectors and discriminants. Previous work gave a set of necessary conditions in terms of discriminants for a spacetime to be of…
We give a complete topological classification of minimal surfaces in Euclidian three-space.
In this study we give definitions and characterizations of transversal surfaces of timelike ruled surfaces. We study some special cases such as the striction curve is a geodesic, an asymptotic line or a line of curvature. Moreover, we…
We classify the topological types of surfaces in the 3-dimensional unit sphere that contain both a great and a small circle through each point. In particular, these surfaces are homeomorphic to one of five normal forms and are either the…
This paper investigates the global properties of a class of spherically symmetric spacetimes. The class contains the maximal development of asymptotically flat spherically symmetric initial data for a wide variety of coupled Einstein-matter…
A tensor space is a vector space equipped with a finite collection of multilinear forms. The length of a tensor space is its length as a representation of its symmetry group. Infinite dimension tensor spaces of finite length are special,…