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Following our earlier work, we construct statistical discrete geometry by applying statistical mechanics to discrete (Regge) gravity. We propose a coarse-graining method for discrete geometry under the assumptions of atomism and background…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-01 Seramika Ariwahjoedi , Valerio Astuti , Jusak Sali Kosasih , Carlo Rovelli , Freddy Permana Zen

Emergent modified gravity has shown that the canonical formulation of general relativity gives rise to a larger class of covariant modifications than action-based approaches, so far in symmetry-reduced models. This outcome is made possible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 Martin Bojowald , Manuel Diaz , Erick I. Duque

Motivated by hints of the effective emergent nature of spacetime structure, we formulate a spacetime-free algebraic framework for quantum theory, in which no a priori background geometric structure is required. Such a framework is necessary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-25 Matti Raasakka

We consider a framework in which low energy dynamics of quantum gravity is described preserving locality, and yet taking into account the effects that are not captured by the naive global spacetime picture, e.g. those associated with black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Yasunori Nomura , Jaime Varela , Sean J. Weinberg

It is widely believed that combining the uncertainty principle with gravity will lead to an effective minimum length scale. A particular challenge is to specify this scale in a coordinate-independent manner so that covariance is not broken.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-07 Jason Pye

We have previously presented a version of the Weak Equivalence Principle for a quantum particle as an exact analog of the classical case, based on the Heisenberg picture analysis of free particle motion. Here, we take that to a full…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Otto C. W. Kong

Statistical equilibrium configurations are important in the physics of macroscopic systems with a large number of constituent degrees of freedom. They are expected to be crucial also in discrete quantum gravity, where dynamical spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-14 Isha Kotecha

Loop quantum gravity, a non-perturbative and manifestly background free, quantum theory of gravity implies that at the kinematical level the spatial geometry is discrete in a specific sense. The spirit of background independence also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-12 Ghanashyam Date , Golam Mortuza Hossain

Recent proposals suggest that a notion of generalized complexity, analogous to generalized entropy, may be necessary for understanding the dynamics of holographic complexity in settings where quantum effects are non-negligible, such as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-01 Violet Concepcion , Kyle Ritchie

The application of quantum theory to gravity is beset with many technical and conceptual problems. After a short tour d'horizon of recent attempts to master those problems by the introduction of new approaches, we show that the aim, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Grumiller , W. Kummer

We calculate deviations in cosmological observables as a function of parameters in a class of connection-based models of quantum gravity. In this theory non-trivial modifications to the background cosmology can occur due to a distortion of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-01 Michael W. Toomey , Savvas Koushiappas , Bruno Alexandre , João Magueijo

Phenomenological approaches to quantum gravity try to infer model-independent laws by analyzing thought experiments and combining both quantum, relativistic, and gravitational ingredients. We first review these ingredients -three basic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-21 Jean-Philippe Bruneton

Classical field theory is insensitive to the split of the field into a background configuration and a dynamical perturbation. In gauge theories, the situation is complicated by the fact that a covariant (w.r.t. the background field) gauge…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-03-26 Mojtaba Taslimi Tehrani , Jochen Zahn

While the equations of general relativity take the same form in any coordinate system, choosing a suitable set of coordinates is essential in any practical application. This poses a challenge in background-independent quantum gravity, where…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-03 Steffen Gielen

This is a nontechnical introduction to recent work on quantum gravity using ideas from higher-dimensional algebra. We argue that reconciling general relativity with the Standard Model requires a `background-free quantum theory with local…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-13 John C. Baez

We formulate a geometric framework in which physical laws emerge from restricted access to microscopic information. Measurement constraints are modeled as a gauge symmetry acting on density operators, inducing a gauge-reduced space of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Tiago Pernambuco , Lucas Chibebe Céleri

We compare different treatments of the constraints in canonical quantum gravity. The standard approach on the superspace of 3--geometries treats the constraints as the sole carriers of the dynamic content of the theory, thus rendering the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Adrian P. Gentle , Nathan D. George , Arkady Kheyfets , Warner A. Miller

In a recent proposal using the group field theory approach, a spatially homogeneous (generally anisotropic) universe is described as a quantum gravity condensate of "atoms of space," which allows the derivation of an effective cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-23 Steffen Gielen

The rise of quantum information science has opened up a new venue for applications of the geometric phase (GP), as well as triggered new insights into its physical, mathematical, and conceptual nature. Here, we review this development by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-08 Erik Sjöqvist

This paper concerns what Background Independence itself is (as opposed to some particular physical theory that is background independent). The notions presented mostly arose from a layer-by-layer analysis of the facets of the Problem of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-08 Edward Anderson