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This work discusses simple examples how quantum systems are obtained as subsystems of classical statistical systems. For a single qubit with arbitrary Hamiltonian and for the quantum particle in a harmonic potential we provide explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 C. Wetterich

Aiming at providing an objective picture for the collapse process of wave function during measurement, further analysis about the quantum discontinuous motion is presented, when considering general relativity we show that the new motion is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gao Shan

An analysis of quantum measurement is presented that relies on an information-theoretic description of quantum entanglement. In a consistent quantum information theory of entanglement, entropies (uncertainties) conditional on measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 N. J. Cerf , C. Adami

A non-relativistic quantum mechanical theory is proposed that describes the universe as a continuum of worlds whose mutual interference gives rise to quantum phenomena. A logical framework is introduced to properly deal with propositions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-18 Kim Joris Boström

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is developed which does not require the concept of the wave-particle duality. Rather than assigning probabilities to outcomes, probabilities are instead assigned to entire fine-grained histories. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Andrew Gray

The collapse of a quantum state can be understood as a mathematical way to construct a joint probability density even for operators that do not commute. We can formalize that construction as a non-commutative, non-associative collapse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 Peter Morgan

We develop a new formalism for constructing probabilities associated to the causal ordering of events in quantum theory, where by an event we mean the emergence of a measurement record on a detector. We start with constructing probabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Charis Anastopoulos , Maria_Electra Plakitsi

Quantum mechanics predicts the joint probability distributions of the outcomes of simultaneous measurements of commuting observables, but the current formulation lacks the operational definition of simultaneous measurements. In order to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Masanao Ozawa

We generalize classical statistical mechanics to describe the kinematics and the dynamics of systems whose variables are constrained by a single quantum postulate (discreteness of the spectrum of values of at least one variable of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Marcello Cini

The change with time of the system consisting of the quantum object and the macroscopic measuring instrument is described on the base of the uniform dynamic law, which is suitable both evolution and reduction processes description. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 A. Yu. Samarin

It is shown how to obtain state vectors associated with measurements on the separated subystems of an entangled state, revealing how a single wavefunction encodes a set of statistical measurement outcomes. The result explains why…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Grgeory D. Scholes

Under which conditions do outcome probabilities of measurements possess a quantum-mechanical model? This kind of problem is solved here for the case of two dichotomic von Neumann measurements which can be applied repeatedly to a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-27 Tobias Fritz

We celebrate this year hundred years of quantum mechanics but there is still no consensus regarding its interpretation and limitations. In this article we advocate the statistical contextual interpretation which is free of paradoxes. State…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Marian Kupczynski

Contextuality, the impossibility of assigning a single random variable to represent the outcomes of the same measurement procedure under different experimental conditions, is a central aspect of quantum mechanics. Thus defined, it appears…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 J. Acacio de Barros , Gary Oas

We show that including both the system and the apparatus in the quantum description of the measurement process, and using the concept of conditional probabilities, it is possible to deduce the statistical operator of the system after a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-29 R. Laura , L. Vanni

It is widely known that `collapse of the wave function' on a quantum system A may be brought about by an interaction with another quantum system B. We will prove that this is not just a possible, but a necessary consequence of information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bas Janssens

In finite probability theory, events are subsets of the outcome set. Subsets can be represented by 1-dimensional column vectors. By extending the representation of events to two dimensional matrices, we can introduce "superposition events."…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-18 David Ellerman

We present a new interpretation of the terms superposition, entanglement, and measurement that appear in quantum mechanics. We hypothesize that the structure of the wave function for a quantum system at the sub-Planck scale has a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-10 Rajendra K Bera , Vikram Menon

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics is reformulated here based on the idea that relational properties among quantum systems, instead of the independent properties of a quantum system, are the most fundamental elements to construct quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Jianhao M. Yang

Many of the conceptual problems students have in understanding quantum mechanics arise from the way probabilities are introduced in standard (textbook) quantum theory through the use of measurements. Introducing consistent microscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert B. Griffiths