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An inequality in quantum mechanics, which does not appear to be well known, is derived by elementary means and shown to be quite useful. The inequality applies to 'all' operators and 'all' pairs of quantum states, including mixed states. It…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gordon N. Fleming

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (HUP) limits the accuracy in the simultaneous measurements of the position and momentum variables of any quantum system. This is known to be true in the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-25 Jaume Giné , Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano

The spread of the wave-function, or quantum uncertainty, is a key notion in quantum mechanics. At leading order, it is characterized by the quadratic moments of the position and momentum operators. These evolve and fluctuate independently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-03 Etera R. Livine

We know the classical public cryptographic algorithms are based on certain NP-hard problems such as the integer factoring in RSA and the discrete logarithm in Diffie-Hellman. They are going to be vulnerable with fault-tolerant quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Randy Kuang

Various theories of Quantum Gravity argue that near the Planck scale, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle should be replaced by the so called Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). We show that the GUP gives rise to two additional terms…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-02 Saurya Das , Elias C. Vagenas

This introductory text on the basics of quantum mechanics is intended to serve as a kind of travel guide through the quantum world. It starts by asking whether quantum physics is important, or weird, or incomprehensible. It explains why…

Popular Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Joachim Stolze

The fundamental principle of quantum mechanics is that the probabilities of physical outcomes are obtained from the intermediate states and processes of the interacting particles, considered as happening concurrently. When the interaction…

General Physics · Physics 2011-01-18 Spyros Efthimiades

Classically general covariance is found from the idea that a vector is a physical quantity which exists independently of choice of coordinate system and is unchanged by a change of coordinate system. It is often assumed that there exists…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles Francis

The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) has emerged in numerous attempts to a theory of quantum gravity and predicts the existence of a minimum length in Nature. In this work, we consider two cosmological models arising from Friedmann…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-12 Serena Giardino , Vincenzo Salzano

Continuing our earlier work on the application of the Relativistic Generalized Uncertainty Principle (RGUP) to quantum field theories, in this paper we study Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) with minimum length. We obtain expressions for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-15 Pasquale Bosso , Saurya Das , Vasil Todorinov

In this work we have considered a simple mechanical oscillator interacting with a single mode optical field inside a cavity in the generalized uncertainty principle framework (GUP). Our aim is to calculate the modified noise spectrum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-29 Soham Sen , Sukanta Bhattacharyya , Sunandan Gangopadhyay

In this paper we study the effects of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) on canonical quantum gravity of black holes. Through the use of modified partition function that involves the effects of the GUP, we obtain the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-12 A. Bina , S. Jalalzadeh , A. Moslehi

General relativity and quantum mechanics are conflicting theories. The seeds of discord are the fundamental principles on which these theories are grounded. General relativity, on one hand, is based on the equivalence principle, whose…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 R. Aldrovandi , J. G. Pereira , K. H. Vu

The uncertainty of a quantum state is given by the composition of two components. The first is called the quantum component and is given by the probability distribution of an observable relative to the state. The second is the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Stan Gudder

Reduction is shown to be a possible consequence of the basic principles of quantum mechanics, involving no branching of the quantum state of the universe. The key feature of a measurement is attributed to the creation of macroscopic germs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-19 Roland Omnès

Very recently authors in [5] proposed a new Generalized Uncertainty Principle (or GUP) with a linear term in Plank length. In this Letter the effect of this GUP is studied in quantum cosmological models with dust and cosmic string as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-11 Barun Majumder

We construct a quantum theory of free scalar field in 1+1 dimensions based on a `Generalized Uncertainty Principle'. Both canonical and path integral formalism are employed. Higher dimensional extension is easily performed in the path…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Toshihiro Matsuo , Yuuichirou Shibusa

The Bell's inequality is a strong criterion to distinguish classical and quantum mechanical aspects of reality. Its violation is the net effect of the existence of non-locality in systems, an advantage for quantum mechanics (QM) over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 S. Aghababaei , H. Moradpour , H. Shabani

The entropic uncertainty principle as outlined by Maassen and Uffink for a pair of non-degenerate observables in a finite level qusystem is generalized here to the case of a pair of arbitrary quantum measurements. In particular, our result…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M Krishna , K R Parthasarathy

Quantum uncertainty is described here in two guises: indeterminacy with its concomitant indeterminism of measurement outcomes, and fuzziness, or unsharpness. Both features were long seen as obstructions of experimental possibilities that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 Paul Busch