Related papers: Gravitational energy in stationary spacetimes
Observers at rest in a stationary spacetime flat at infinity can measure small amounts of rest-mass+internal energies+kinetic energies+pressure energy in a small volume of fluid attached to a local inertial frame. The sum of these small…
We give physical explanations of explicit invariant expressions for the energy and angular momentum densities of gravitational fields in stationary space-times. These expressions involve non-locally defined conformal factors. In certain…
The lack of a well-established solution for the gravitational energy problem might be one of the reasons why a clear road to quantum gravity does not exist. In this paper, the gravitational energy is studied in detail with the help of the…
A definition of gravitational energy is proposed for any theory described by a diffeomorphism-invariant Lagrangian. The mathematical structure is a Noether- current construction of Wald involving the boundary term in the action, but here it…
The recent astronomical observations indicate that the expanding universe having a finite particle horizon is homogeneous, isotropic and asymptotically flat. The Euclidean geometry of the universe enables to determine the total kinetic and…
It has been tested precisely that the inertial and gravitational masses are equal. Here we reveal that the inertial and gravitational momenta may differ. More generally, the inertial and gravitational energy-momentum tensors may not…
We define gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of the General Relativity and show that it does not commute with energy operator. Nevertheless, the equivalence between the expectation values of…
The gravitational energy shift for photons is extended to all mass-equivalent energies $E = mc^2$, obeying the quantum condition $E = h\nu$.On an example of a relativistic binary system, it was shown that the gravitational energy shift…
We define passive gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of general relativity and show that it does not commute with energy operator, taken in the absence of gravitational field. Nevertheless,…
We review recent theoretical results, obtained for the equivalence between gravitational mass and energy of a composite quantum body as well as for its breakdown at macroscopic and microscopic levels. In particular, we discuss that the…
It is shown that passive gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of the general relativity does not commute with its energy operator, taken in the absence of gravitational field. Nevertheless, the…
In the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity it is possible to establish the energy-momentum tensor of the gravitational field. This tensor has the following essential features: (1) it is identified directly in…
The energy density of asymptotically flat gravitational fields can be calculated from a simple expression involving the trace of the torsion tensor. Integration of this energy density over the whole space yields the ADM energy. Such…
The Hamiltonian formulation of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity is considered. Definitions of energy, momentum and angular momentum of the gravitational field arise from the integral form of the constraint equations of the…
Based on a tentative interpretation of gravity as a pressure force, a scalar theory of gravity was previously investigated. It assumes gravitational contraction (dilation) of space (time) standards. In the static case, the same Newton law…
The conserved quantities, that are, gravitational energy-momentum and its relevant quantities are investigated for cylindrical and spherical gravitational waves in the framework of teleparallel equivalent of General Relativity using the…
We define passive and active gravitational mass operators of the simplest composite quantum body - a hydrogen atom. Although they do not commute with its energy operator, the equivalence between the expectation values of passive and active…
We present a method to calculate the gravitational energy when asymptotic boundary conditions for the space-time are not given. This is the situation for most of the cosmological models. The expression for the gravitational energy is…
The equivalence principle in combination with the special relativistic equivalence between mass and energy, $E=mc^2$, is one of the cornerstones of general relativity. However, for composite systems a long-standing result in general…
In the timescape scenario cosmic acceleration is understand as an apparent effect, due to gravitational energy gradients that grow when spatial curvature gradients become significant with the nonlinear growth of cosmic structure. This…