Related papers: Analytical formulas for gravitational lensing: hig…
In this paper we discuss a new method which can be used to obtain arbitrarily accurate analytical expressions for the deflection angle of light propagating in a given metric. Our method works by mapping the integral into a rapidly…
We develop a non--perturbative method that yields analytical expressions for the deflection angle of light in a general static and spherically symmetric metric. It is an improvement on a method previously devised by the authors, and…
This is a general work on gravitational lensing. We present new expressions for the optical scalars and the deflection angle in terms of the energy-momentum tensor components of matter distributions. Our work generalizes standard references…
Using the geodesic method and the perturbative approach, we study the deflection of light by time-periodic spherically symmetric gravitational fields. Assuming the weakness of the gravitational field, we derive general formulas that…
We calculate the deflection angle, as well as the positions and magnifications of the lensed images, in the case of covariant $f(T)$ gravity. We first extract the spherically symmetric solutions for both the pure-tetrad and the covariant…
Gravitational light deflection is known as one of three classical tests of general relativity and the angle of deflection may be computed explicitly using approximate or exact solutions describing the gravitational force generated from a…
The new method of invariant definition of the measurable angle of light deflection in the static central symmetric gravitational field is suggested. The predicted pure gravitational contribution to the deflection angle slightly differs from…
In recent study in Ref.[7] (arXiv: 2401.12525), we have introduced a method aimed at calculating the weak-field asymptotic deflection angle. This method offers an efficient computational approach that avoids the complexities of integration…
Modern applications of strong gravitational lensing require the ability to use precise and varied observational data to constrain complex lens models. I discuss two sets of computational methods for lensing calculations. The first is a new…
We present explicit expressions for the optical scalars and the deection angle in terms of the energymomentum tensor components of matter distributions. Our work generalizes standard references in the literature where normally stringent…
We present a framework for studying gravitational lensing in spherically symmetric spacetimes using 1+1+2 covariant methods. A general formula for the deflection angle is derived and we show how this can be used to recover the standard…
We analyzed the influence of static gravitational field on the vacuum and proposed the concept of inhomogeneous vacuum. According to the corresponding Fermat's principle in the general relativity, we derived a graded refractive index of…
Because of their simplicity, axisymmetric mass distributions are often used to model gravitational lenses. Since galaxies are usually observed to have elliptical light distributions, mass distributions with elliptical density contours offer…
After discussing some subtle issues concerning the computation of deflection angle, a general but simple expression of bending angle of light rays in weak deflection limit has been presented for a general static and spherically symmetric…
We present formal expressions for the optical scalars in terms of the curvature scalars in the weak gravitational lensing regime at second order in perturbations of a flat background without mentioning the extension of the lens or their…
We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…
In this paper, we present a new heuristic derivation of the gravitational deflection of light around the Sun at the undergraduate level. Instead of solving the geodesic equation directly, we compute the correct deflection angle by focusing…
The angle of deflection of a light ray by the gravitational field of the Sun, at grazing incidence, is calculated by strict and straightforward classical Newtonian means using the corpuscular model of light. The calculation is presented in…
Two exact lens equations have been recently shown to be equivalent to each other, being consistent with the gravitational deflection angle of light from a source to an observer, both of which can be within a finite distance from a lens…
We discuss the contribution to the characteristic lensing quantities, i.e. the deflection angle and Einstein radius, due to the higher order terms (e.g. the gravitomagnetic terms) considered in the lens potential. The cases we analyze are…