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Gauge-invariant treatments of the second-order cosmological perturbation in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe are formulated without any gauge fixing. We have derived the Einstein equations in the case of the single perfect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-27 Kouji Nakamura

Along the general framework of the gauge invariant perturbation theory developed in the papers [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. {\bf 110} (2003), 723; {\it ibid}, {\bf 113} (2005), 481.], we formulate the second order gauge invariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Kouji Nakamura

The second order perturbations in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe filled with a perfect fluid are completely formulated in the gauge invariant manner without any gauge fixing. All components of the Einstein equations are derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Kouji Nakamura

Along the general framework of the gauge-invariant perturbation theory developed in the papers [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. {\bf 110} (2003), 723; {\it ibid}, {\bf 113} (2005), 481.], we re-derive the second-order Einstein equations on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-07-03 Kouji Nakamura

Some formulae for the perturbations of the matter fields are summarized within the framework of the second-order gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe, which is developed in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Kouji Nakamura

We study the second-order perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinate. We solve the second-order perturbed Einstein equation with scalar-tensor, and tensor-tensor couplings between 1st order perturbations, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-06 Yang Zhang , Fei Qin , Bo Wang

Recently a new approach in constructing the conserved charges in cosmological Einstein's gravity was given. In this new formulation, instead of using the explicit form of the field equations a covariantly conserved rank four tensor was…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-07 Emel Altas

Based on the gauge invariant variables proposed in our previous paper [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.110 (2003), 723.], some formulae of the perturbative curvatures of each order are derived. We follow the general framework of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Kouji Nakamura

We present a systematic study of the 2nd order scalar, vector and tensor metric perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinates. For the scalar-scalar coupling between 1st order perturbations, we decompose the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-05 Bo Wang , Yang Zhang

Based on the gauge invariant variables proposed in [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.110 (2003), 723.], general framework of the second order gauge invariant perturbation theory on arbitrary background spacetime is considered. We derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Kouji Nakamura

We study the gauge invariant cosmological perturbations up to second order. We show that there are infinite families of gauge invariant variables at both of the first and second orders. The conversion formulae among different families are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu

We discuss cosmological perturbation theory at third order, deriving the gauge transformation rules for metric and matter perturbations, and constructing third order gauge invariant quantities. We present the Einstein tensor components, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Adam J. Christopherson , Karim A. Malik

In addition to the second-order Einstein equations on four-dimensional homogeneous isotropic background universe filled with the single perfect fluid, we also derived the second-order perturbations of the continuity equation and the Euler…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-27 Kouji Nakamura

We present a method for constructing gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations which are gauge-invariant up to second order. As an example we give the gauge-invariant definition of the second-order curvature perturbation on uniform density…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Karim A Malik , David Wands

A new gauge-invariant approach for describing cosmological perturbations is developed. It is based on a physically motivated splitting of the stress-energy tensor of the perturbation into two parts - the bare perturbation and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-19 Sergei M. Kopeikin , Juan Ramirez , Bahram Mashhoon , Mikhail V. Sazhin

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Marco Bruni , Sabino Matarrese , Silvia Mollerach , Sebastiano Sonego

We consider instability of the Friedmann world model to the second-order in perturbations. We present the perturbed set of equations up to the second-order in the Friedmann background world model with general spatial curvature and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Noh , J. Hwang

The study of long wavelength scalar perturbations, in particular the existence of conserved quantities when the perturbations are adiabatic, plays an important role in e.g. inflationary cosmology. In this paper we present some new conserved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

We present a new approach to gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations at second order, which is also covariant. We examine two cases in particular for a dust Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model of any curvature: we investigate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Chris Clarkson

We derived the second-order perturbations of the Einstein equations and the Klein-Gordon equation for a generic situation in terms of gauge-invariant variables. The consistency of all the equations is confirmed. This confirmation implies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-26 Kouji Nakamura
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