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A class of structures recognizes coordinates if any reduced product of structures from said class witnesses a certain kind of rigidity phenomena. We provide several equivalent characterizations of this property. This property has (at least)…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-06-17 I. Farah , K. Gannon , P. Touchard

Special Relativity (SR) kinematics is derived from very intuitive assumptions. Contrary to standard Einstein's derivation, no light signal is used in the construction nor it is assumed to exist. Instead we postulate the existence of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Marek Pawlowski

In this review, we discuss approaches for learning causal structure from data, also called causal discovery. In particular, we focus on approaches for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and various generalizations which allow for some…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-20 Chandler Squires , Caroline Uhler

Several classes of directed acyclic graphs have been investigated in the last two decades, in the context of the Causal Set Program, in search for good discrete models of spacetime. We introduce some statistical indicators that can be used…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-04 Tommaso Bolognesi , Alexander Lamb

We classify four-dimensional connected simply-connected indecomposable Lorentzian symmetric spaces $M$ with connected nontrivial isotropy group furnishing solutions of the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations. Those solutions with respect to some…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Marco Castrillón López , Pedro M. Gadea , Eugenia Rosado Maria

The algebras for all possible Lorentzian and Euclidean kinematics with $\frak{so}(3)$ isotropy except static ones are re-classified. The geometries for algebras are presented by contraction approach. The relations among the geometries are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-01-25 Chao-Guang Huang , Yu Tian , Xiao-Ning Wu , Zhan Xu , Bin Zhou

Recently ({\em Class. Quant. Grav.} {\bf 20} 625-664) the concept of {\em causal mapping} between spacetimes --essentially equivalent in this context to the {\em chronological map} one in abstract chronological spaces--, and the related…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Alfonso García-Parrado , Miguel Sánchez

In this paper we describe an algorithm for classifying orbits of vectors in Lorentzian lattices. The main point of this is that isomorphism classes of positive definite lattices in some genus often correspond to orbits of vectors in some…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 R. E. Borcherds

In this work we provide the full description of the upper levels of the classical causal ladder for spacetimes in the context of Lorenztian length spaces, thus establishing the hierarchy between them. We also show that global hyperbolicity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-16 L. Ake Hau , Armando J. Cabrera Pacheco , Didier A. Solis

Recent advances in artificial intelligence reveal the limits of purely predictive systems and call for a shift toward causal and collaborative reasoning. Drawing inspiration from the revolution of Grothendieck in mathematics, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Gabriele D'Acunto , Claudio Battiloro

We review three examples of functors from Lorentzian categories and their applications in finiteness results, singularity theorems and boundary constructions. The third example is a novel functor from the category of ordered measure spaces…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Olaf Müller

In the classification of real singularities by Arnold et al. (1985), normal forms, as representatives of equivalence classes under right equivalence, are not always uniquely determined. We describe the complete structure of the equivalence…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-01-18 Magdaleen S. Marais , Andreas Steenpass

Lorentzian 4-metrics are expressed in spinorial coordinates. In these coordinates the metric components can be factorized into a product of complex conjugate quantities. The linearized theory and Einstein's vacuum field equations are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-12 D. C. Robinson

The theory of noncommutative geometry provides an interesting mathematical background for developing new physical models. In particular, it allows one to describe the classical Standard Model coupled to Euclidean gravity. However,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-09-05 Nicolas Franco , Michał Eckstein

We study combinatorial configurations with the associated point and line graphs being strongly regular. Examples not belonging to known classes such as partial geometries and their generalizations or elliptic semiplanes are constructed.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Marién Abreu , Martin Funk , Vedran Krčadinac , Domenico Labbate

The recently discovered fourth class of Frobenius manifolds by Combe--Manin in opened and highlighted new geometric domains to explore. The guiding mantra of this article is to show the existence of hidden geometric aspects of the fourth…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-06 N. Combe , Ph. Combe , H. Nencka

Lie derivatives of various geometrical and physical quantities define symmetries and conformal symmetries in general relativity. Thus we obtain motions, collineations, conformal motions and conformal collineations. These symmetries are used…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 K. Saifullah

We construct a family of closeness functions on the space of finite volume Lorentzian geometries using the abundance of discrete intervals in the underlying random causal sets. Although strictly weaker than a Lorentzian Gromov-Hausdorff…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-23 Sumati Surya

The causal spacetimes admitting a covariantly constant null vector provide a connection between relativistic and non-relativistic physics. We explore this relationship in several directions. We start proving a formula which relates the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-13 E. Minguzzi

A reflexive relation on a set can be a starting point in defining the causal structure of a spacetime in General Relativity and other relativistic theories of gravity. If we identify this relation as the relation between lightlike separated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-07 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica