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An outstanding open issue in our quest for physics beyond Einstein is the unification of general relativity (GR) and quantum physics. Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a leading approach toward this goal. At its heart is the central lesson of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-12 Abhay Ashtekar , Eugenio Bianchi

This article reviews the present status of the spin foam approach to the quantization of gravity. Special attention is payed to the pedagogical presentation of the recently introduced new models for four dimensional quantum gravity. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Alejandro Perez

I review the formalism of loop quantum gravity, in both its real and complex formulations, and spin foam theory which is its path integral counterpart. Spin networks for non-compact groups are introduced (following hep-th/0205268) to deal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Etera R. Livine

We introduce simple generic models of surface dynamics in loop quantum gravity (LQG). A quantum surface is defined as a set of elementary patches of area glued together. We provide it with an extra structure of locality (nearest neighbors),…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-28 Alexandre Feller , Etera R. Livine

The aim of this paper is to explain carefully the arguments behind the assertion that the correct quantum theory of gravity must be background independent. We begin by recounting how the debate over whether quantum gravity must be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

Spin foam models, loop quantum gravity and group field theory are discussed as quantum gravity candidate theories and usually involve a continuous Lie group. We advocate here to consider quantum gravity inspired models with finite groups,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-01 Benjamin Bahr , Bianca Dittrich , James P. Ryan

The Spin Foam approach to quantum gravity aims at providing a covariant path-integral formulation of canonical Loop Quantum Gravity. Since spin foam amplitudes are defined through discretisations of spacetime, understanding the continuum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-19 Matteo Bruno , Eugenia Colafranceschi , Fabio M. Mele , Carlo Rovelli

Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) is a promising approach to quantum gravity, in particular because it is based on a rigorous quantization of the kinematics of gravity. A difficult and still open problem in the LQG program is the construction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-01 Tim Koslowski

The goal of this article is to present an introduction to loop quantum gravity -a background independent, non-perturbative approach to the problem of unification of general relativity and quantum physics, based on a quantum theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Abhay Ashtekar , Jerzy Lewandowski

Loop Quantum Gravity is now a well established approach to quantum gravity. One of the main challenges still faced by the theory is constructing a consistent dynamics which would lead back to the standard dynamics of the gravitational field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Enrique F. Borja , Jacobo Díaz-Polo , Laurent Freidel , Iñaki Garay , Etera R. Livine

Building on prior work, a generally covariant reformulation of free scalar field theory on the flat Lorentzian cylinder is quantized using Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) type `polymer' representations. This quantization of the {\em continuum}…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-01-30 Alok Laddha , Madhavan Varadarajan

The study of toy models in loop quantum gravity (LQG), defined as truncations of the full theory, is relevant to both the development of the LQG phenomenology, in cosmology and astrophysics, and the progress towards the resolution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-13 Eneko Aranguren , Iñaki Garay , Etera R. Livine

In the quest of a physical theory of quantum gravity, spin foam models, or in short spinfoams, propose a well-defined path integral summing over quantized discrete space-time geometries. At the crossroad of topological quantum field theory,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-08 Etera R. Livine

Over the last three years, a number of fundamental physical issues were addressed in loop quantum gravity. These include: A statistical mechanical derivation of the horizon entropy, encompassing astrophysically interesting black holes as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Abhay Ashtekar

Any approach to pure quantum gravity must eventually face the question of coupling quantum matter to the theory. In the past, several ways of coupling matter to spin foam quantum gravity have been proposed, but the dynamics of the coupled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-30 Masooma Ali , Sebastian Steinhaus

In this review, the fundamental structure of loop quantum gravity is presented pedagogically. Our main aim is to help non-experts to understand the motivations, basic structures, as well as general results. It may also be beneficial to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-16 Muxin Han , Weiming Huang , Yongge Ma

Loop quantum gravity and cosmology are reviewed with an emphasis on evaluating the dynamics, rather than constructing it. The three crucial parts of such an analysis are (i) deriving effective equations, (ii) controlling the theory's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-31 Martin Bojowald

In recent years, Loop Quantum Gravity has emerged as a solid candidate for a nonperturbative quantum theory of General Relativity. It is a background independent theory based on a description of the gravitational field in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-16 Guillermo A. Mena Marugan

It is generally believed that a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity should exhibit background independence and diffeomorphism invariance. In its most general form, the latter comprises field redefinitions, which are diffeomorphisms in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-25 Roberto Casadio , Alexander Kamenshchik , Iberê Kuntz

In the last 20 years, loop quantum gravity, a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, has been widely investigated. The aim of loop quantum gravity is to construct a mathematically rigorous,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-06-25 Muxin Han