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We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-01 Bogeun Gwak , Bum-Hoon Lee

We study the energy-momentum characteristics of the rotating black hole - Kerr solution of general relativity in the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR) and the Symmetric Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity…

General Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. D. Emtsova , A. N. Petrov , A. V. Toporensky

Since black holes can be formed through widely varying processes, the horizon structure is highly complicated in the dynamical phase. Nonetheless, as numerical simulations show, the final state appears to be universal, well described by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-30 Abhay Ashtekar , Miguel Campiglia , Samir Shah

The putative black holes which may constitute all the dark matter are described by a Kerr metric with only two parameters, mass M and angular momentum J. There has been little discussion of J since it plays no role in the upcoming attempt…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-08 Paul H. Frampton

The close similarities of the three laws of black hole mechanics, discovered by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking, with the laws of thermodynamics led to the identification of a multiple of the area of the event horizon with entropy. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Abhay Ashtekar , Daniel E. Paraizo , Jonathan Shu

We investigate whether the new horizon first law proposed recently still work in $f(R)$ theory. We identify the entropy and the energy of black hole as quantities proportional to the corresponding value of integration, supported by the fact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-05 Yaoguang Zheng , Rong-Jia Yang

The covariant canonical expression for the conserved charges, proposed by Nester, is tested on several solutions in 3D gravity with or without torsion and topologically massive gravity. In each of these cases, the calculated values of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-11 M. Blagojević , B. Cvetković

We derive mass-independent equations and inequalities for Kerr-Newman-anti-de Sitter black holes. In particular, we obtain an equation that relates electric charge, angular momentum and the areas of the event and Cauchy horizons. An…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-17 Jörg Hennig

First laws of black hole mechanics, or thermodynamics, come in a variety of different forms. In this paper, from a purely post-Newtonian (PN) analysis, we obtain a first law for binary systems of point masses moving along an exactly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-26 Alexandre Le Tiec , Luc Blanchet , Bernard F. Whiting

Classical black holes and event horizons are highly non-local objects, defined in terms of the causal past of future null infinity. Alternative, (quasi)local definitions are often used in mathematical, quantum, and numerical relativity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Ivan Booth , Stephen Fairhurst

A new framework is proposed for general dynamic wormholes, unifying them with black holes. Both are generically defined locally by outer trapping horizons, temporal for wormholes and spatial or null for black and white holes. Thus wormhole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Sean A. Hayward

Scalar-tensor theory of gravity with nonlinear electromagnetic field, minimally coupled to gravity is considered and static black hole solutions are obtained. Namely, power-law and Born-Infeld nonlinear Lagrangians for the electromagnetic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-22 M. M. Stetsko

This is the second in a series of two papers to establish the conjectured mass-angular momentum inequality for multiple black holes, modulo the extreme black hole 'no hair theorem'. More precisely it is shown that either there is a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Qing Han , Marcus Khuri , Gilbert Weinstein , Jingang Xiong

The radiated energy and angular momentum from a point mass on a hyperbolic-like orbit about a Schwarzschild black hole are computed for the first time in the framework of the first-order self-force theory. The analytical expressions for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-08 Andrea Geralico

Extremal rotating black holes in Einstein-Maxwell theory feature two branches. On the branch emerging from the Myers-Perry solutions their angular momentum is proportional to their horizon area, while on the branch emerging from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-28 Jose Luis Blazquez-Salcedo , Jutta Kunz , Francisco Navarro-Lerida

The gravitational force harbours a fundamental instability against collapse. In standard General Relativity without Quantum Mechanics, this implies the existence of black holes as natural, stable solutions of Einstein's equations. If one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Gerard 't Hooft

A property well known as the first law of black hole is a relation among infinitesimal variations of parameters of stationary black holes. We consider a dynamical version of the first law, which may be called the first law of black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Shinji Mukohyama , Sean A. Hayward

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of the Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson black hole, an exact Petrov type D solution of Einstein-Maxwell theory describing a rotating black hole immersed in an external electromagnetic field. While the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Li Hu , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang

This paper deals with the study of the accretion of dark energy with equation of state $p=w\rho$ onto Kerr-Newman black holes. We have obtained that when $w>-1$ the mass and specific angular momentum increase, and that whereas the specific…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 José A. Jiménez Madrid , Pedro F. González-Díaz

We revisit the derivation by Tomimatsu of the generalized Komar integrals giving the mass and angular momentum of rotating Einstein-Maxwell black holes. We show that, contrary to Tomimatsu's claim, the usual Smarr formula relating the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-23 Gérard Clément , Dmitri Gal'tsov
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