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We characterize vertex algebras (in a suitable sense) as algebras over a certain graded co-operad. We also discuss some examples and categorical implications of this characterization.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-06-02 Ruthi Hortsch , Igor Kriz , Ales Pultr

An algebraic technique adapted to the problems of the fundamental theoretical physics is presented. The exposition is an elaboration and an extension of the methods proposed in previous works by the aut

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Victor Zharinov

This is an article contributed to the Brill Festschrift, in honor of the 60th birthday of Prof. D.R. Brill, which will appear in the Vol.2 of the Proceedings of the International Symposia on Directions in General Relativity. In this article…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. H. Yoon

A simple visual representation of Minkowski spacetime appropriate for a student with a background in geometry and algebra is presented. Minkowski spacetime can be modeled with a Euclidean 4-space to yield accurate visualizations as…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-06-03 Don V. Black , M. Gopi , F. Wessel , R. Pajarola , F. Kuester

The four dimensional spacetime continuum, as first conceived by Minkowski, has become the dominant framework within which to describe physical laws. In this paper, we show how this four-dimensional structure is a natural property of…

In this two-part essay, we distinguish several senses in which general relativity has been regarded as "locally special relativistic". Here, in Part 1, we focus on senses in which a relativistic spacetime has been said to be "locally…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Samuel C. Fletcher , James Owen Weatherall

In this paper we give classification of two-dimensional real evolution algebras. For several chains of evolution algebras we study their classification dynamics.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-05-30 Sh. N. Murodov

The cosmological constant Lambda, which has seemingly dominated the primaeval Universe evolution and to which recent data attribute a significant present-time value, is shown to have an algebraic content: it is essentially an eigenvalue of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Aldrovandi , A. L. Barbosa

It is shown by very simple arguments that the observed 3+1 dimensionality of spacetime may be understood on the basis of four fundamental principles of physics namely, Causality, General Covariance, Gauge Invariance and Renormalizability.…

General Physics · Physics 2013-03-25 Rajat K. Pradhan

A complete classifications of two-dimensional general, commutative, commutative Jordan, division and evolution real algebras are given. In the case of evolution algebras their groups of automorphisms and derivation algebras are described as…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-12-04 U. Bekbaev

We present a comprehensive introduction to spacetime algebra that emphasizes its practicality and power as a tool for the study of electromagnetism. We carefully develop this natural (Clifford) algebra of the Minkowski spacetime geometry,…

Optics · Physics 2015-07-03 Justin Dressel , Konstantin Y. Bliokh , Franco Nori

A class of associative (super) algebras is presented, which naturally generalize both the symmetric algebra $Sym(V)$ and the wedge algebra $\wedge (V)$, where $V$ is a vector-space. These algebras are in a bijection with those subsets of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Regev

We classify up to equivalence the gradings on Hurwitz superalgebras and on symmetric composition superalgebras, over any field. Also, classifications up to isomorphism are given in case the field is algebraically closed. By grading, here we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-02-05 Diego Aranda-Orna

Duality groups of Abelian gauge theories on four manifolds and their reduction to two dimensions are considered. The duality groups include elements that relate different space-times in addition to relating different gauge-coupling…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 A. Giveon , M. Porrati

Optical (or Robinson) structures are one generalisation of four-dimensional shearfree congruences of null geodesics to higher dimensions. They are Lorentzian analogues of complex and CR structures. In this context, we extend the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 Arman Taghavi-Chabert

The theory of inverse spectra of $T_0$ Alexandroff topological spaces is used to construct a model of $T_0$-discrete four-dimensional spacetime. The universe evolution is interpreted in terms of a sequence of topology changes in the set of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir N. Efremov , Nikolai V. Mitskievich

A complete classification of space-time models is presented, which admit the privileged coordinate systems, where the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a test particle is integrated by the method of complete separation of variables with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-01 Konstantin Osetrin , Evgeny Osetrin

We give a translation of the article by L. V. Antonyan, "Classification of four-vectors of an eight-dimensional space," Trudy Sem. Vektor. Tenzor. Anal. 20 (1981), 144-161. MR622013. We include an appendix providing normal forms for each…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Luke Oeding

Gray-Vanhecke conjectured that the volumes of small geodesic balls could determine if the manifold is a space form, and provided a proof for the compact 4-dimensional manifold, and some cases. In this paper, similar results for the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-04-25 JeongHyeong Park

Our previous work [1] constructed, in three-dimensional momentum space, a manifestly crossing symmetric basis for scalar conformal four-point functions, based on the factorization property proposed by Polyakov. This work extends this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Hiroshi Isono , Toshifumi Noumi , Gary Shiu