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The quantum-phase-field concept of matter is revisited with special emphasis on the introverted view of space. Extroverted space surrounds physical objects, while introverted space lies in between physical objects. Space between objects…

General Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Ingo Steinbach

Understanding the emergence of a tangible 4-dimensional space-time from a quantum theory of gravity promises to be a tremendously difficult task. This article makes the case that this task may not have to be carried. Space-time as we know…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Antoine Tilloy

Quantum gravity (or quantum spacetime) is to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics into a single theoretical framework and presented as the most important open puzzle in fundamental physics. The development of a microscopic theory…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Su-Peng Kou

From the Physics point of view, time is now best described through General Relativity, as part of space-time which is a dynamical object encoding gravity. Time possesses also some intrinsic irreversibility due to thermodynamics, quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-30 Florian Girelli , Stefano Liberati , Lorenzo Sindoni

This article reviews, from a global point of view, rigorous results on time independent spacetimes. Throughout attention is confined to isolated bodies at rest or in uniform rotation in an otherwise empty universe. The discussion starts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-11 Robert Beig , Bernd G. Schmidt

The fundamental physical theories that interpret and explain behaviour of matter in nature are dependent on several unobservables and insensibles in their construction. While a rigorous natural philosophy cannot take them for granted, there…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 C. S. Unnikrishnan

The idea that possible configurations of a physical system can be represented as points in a multidimensional configuration space ${\cal C}$ is explored. The notion of spacetime, without ${\cal C}$, does not exist in this theory. Spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-12-12 Matej Pavsic

For many years now it has become conventional for theorists to argue that "space-time is doomed", with the difficulties in finding a quantum theory of gravity implying the necessity of basing a fundamental theory on something quite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Peter Woit

In quantum theory the vacuum is defined as a state of minimum energy that is devoid of particles but still not completely empty. It is perhaps more surprising that its definition depends on the geometry of the system and on the trajectory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 F. Intravaia

An enquiry into the physical nature of time and space and into the ontology of quantum mechanics from a metageometric perspective, resulting from the belief that geometric thought and language are powerless to farther understanding of these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-04-24 Diego Meschini

Space-Time in general relativity is a dynamical entity because it is subject to the Einstein field equations. The space-time metric provides different geometrical structures: conformal, volume, projective and linear connection. A deep…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ignacio Sanchez-Rodriguez

Time, space, and matter are categories of our reasoning, whose properties appear to be fundamental. However, these require a scrutiny as in the extreme regime of the primordial universe these present quantum properties. What does it mean…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Francesca Vidotto

Attempts to quantize general relativity encounter an odd problem. The Hamiltonian that normally generates time evolution vanishes in the case of general relativity as a result of diffeomorphism invariance. The theory seems to be saying that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-23 Olaf Dreyer

Our purpose here is to introduce the idea of viewing the spacetime as a macroscopic complex system which, consequently, cannot be directly quantized. It should be thought of as a collection of more fundamental "microscopical" entities…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcelo Botta Cantcheff

The question of the nature of space around us has occupied thinkers since the dawn of humanity, with scientists and philosophers today implicitly assuming that space is something that exists objectively. Here we show that this does not have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-08-12 Alexander V. Terekhov , J. Kevin O'Regan

Contemporary research programs in fundamental physics appear to suggest that there could be two (physical) times---or none at all. This essay articulates these possibilities in the context of quantum gravity, and in particular of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-09-14 Christian Wuthrich

"The last remnant of physical objectivity of space-time" is disclosed, beyond the Leibniz equivalence, in the case of a continuous family of spatially non-compact models of general relativity. The {\it physical individuation} of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Lusanna , M. Pauri

Anti--de Sitter spacetime is important in general relativity and modern field theory. We review its geometrical features and properties of light signals and free particles moving in it. Applying only elementary tools of tensor calculus we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-04 Leszek M. Sokolowski

I argue that spacetime singularities entail no ontological commitment to material entities. First, I show that Penrose's singularity theorem is best understood as a theorem of incompleteness, it demonstrates the failure of specific…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Gustavo E. Romero

We consider spacetime to be a 4-dimensional differentiable manifold that can be split locally into time and space. No metric, no linear connection are assumed. Matter is described by classical fields/fluids. We distinguish electrically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov