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General Relativity (GR) is shown to be a complete theory with respect to the isochrony of the pendulum. This guarantees that time can be measured with a mechanical clock within the theory itself as a matter of principle. The proper and…
We present a unified treatment of the gravitational and cosmological redshift, the Doppler effect due to the moving observer or light source, and the time dilation in the gravitational field in the framework of general relativity. The…
We survey the role of stable clocks in general relativity. Clock comparisons have provided important tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies metric gravity. These include tests of the isotropy of clock comparisons…
We present a novel test of general relativity (GR): measuring the geometric component of the time delay due to gravitational lensing. GR predicts that photons and gravitational waves follow the same geodesic paths and thus experience the…
The conventional discussion of apparent distortions of space and time in Special Relativity (the Lorentz-Fitzgerald Contraction and Time Dilatation) is extended by considering observations of : (i) moving objects of limited lifetime in…
It seems to be not well known that the metrics of general relativity (GR) can be obtained without integrating Einstein equations. To that, we need only define a unit for GR-interval $\Delta s$, and observe 10 geodesics (out of which at…
In general relativity, the picture of spacetime assigns an ideal clock to each worldline. Being ideal, gravitational effects due to these clocks are ignored and the flow of time according to one clock is not affected by the presence of…
Gravitational lensing in metric theories of gravity is discussed. I introduce a generalized approximate metric element, inclusive of both post-post-Newtonian (ppN) contributions and gravito-magnetic field. Following Fermat's principle and…
By extending the framework of the gravitational clock compass we show how a suitably prepared set of clocks can be used to extract information about the gravitational field in the context of General Relativity. Conceptual differences…
We devise a test of nonlinear departures from general relativity (GR) using time delays in strong gravitational lenses. We use a phenomenological model of gravitational screening as a step discontinuity in the measure of curvature per unit…
Several versions of the Gravitational Time Dilation effect of General Relativity are formulated by the use of Einstein's Equivalence Principle. It is shown that all of them are logical consequence of a first-order axiom system of Special…
We consider an alternative formula for time delay in gravitational lensing. Imposing a smoothness condition on the gravitationally deformed paths followed by the photons from the source to the observer, we show that our formula displays the…
The gedanken experiment of the clock paradox is solved exactly using the general relativistic equations for a static homogeneous gravitational field. We demonstrate that the general and special relativistic clock paradox solutions are…
General relativity predicts that two freely counter-revolving test particles in the exterior field of a central rotating mass take different periods of time to complete the same full orbit; this time difference leads to the gravitomagnetic…
From the equivalence principle and true gravitational (G) time dilation experiments it is concluded that ``matter is not invariable after a change of relative position with respect to other bodies''. As a general principle (GP), such…
The successful miniaturisation of extremely accurate atomic clocks and atom interferometers invites prospects for satellite missions to perform precision experiments. We discuss the effects predicted by general relativity and alternative…
When dealing with highly accurate modeling of time and frequency transfers into arbitrarily moving dielectrics medium, it may be convenient to work with Gordon's optical spacetime metric rather than the usual physical spacetime metric.…
The notion that the metric field in general relativity can be understood as a property of space-time rests on a feature of the theory sometimes called universal coupling -- the claim that rods and clocks "measure" the metric in a way that…
We consider gravitational time dilation between stationary observers and present examples, which contradict the statement that "time slows down as gravity increases". We show furthermore that this statement cannot be true in general, if…
Students at Colorado College and cadets at the US Air Force Academy have conducted an experimental test of gravitational time dilation. This relativistic effect, highlighted in the movie Interstellar, causes clocks to tick more slowly near…