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Related papers: Causal structures and causal boundaries

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We introduce several new notions of (sectional) curvature bounds for Lorentzian pre-length spaces: On the one hand, we provide convexity/concavity conditions for the (modified) time separation function, and, on the other hand, we study…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Tobias Beran , Michael Kunzinger , Felix Rott

The causal set approach to quantum gravity embodies the concepts of causality and discreteness. This article explores some foundational and conceptual issues within causal set theory.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Fay Dowker

Existing work on quantum causal structure assumes that one can perform arbitrary operations on the systems of interest. But this condition is often not met. Here, we extend the framework for quantum causal modelling to situations where a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Nick Ormrod , Augustin Vanrietvelde , Jonathan Barrett

This tutorial provides a concise introduction to modern causal modeling by integrating potential outcomes and graphical methods. We motivate causal questions such as counterfactual reasoning under interventions and define binary treatments…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Gauranga Kumar Baishya

We develop causality theory for upper semi-continuous distributions of cones over manifolds generalizing results from mathematical relativity in two directions: non-round cones and non-regular differentiability assumptions. We prove the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-06 E. Minguzzi

The expression of causality depends on an underlying choice of chronology. Since a chronology is provided by any Lorentzian metric in relativistic theories, there are as many expressions of causality as there are non-conformally related…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jean-Philippe Bruneton

More often than not, recently popular structuralist interpretations of physical theories leave the central concept of a structure insufficiently precisified. The incipient causal sets approach to quantum gravity offers a paradigmatic case…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-06-14 Christian Wuthrich

Understanding the laws that govern a phenomenon is the core of scientific progress. This is especially true when the goal is to model the interplay between different aspects in a causal fashion. Indeed, causal inference itself is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Alessio Zanga , Elif Ozkirimli , Fabio Stella

It is well-known that if one assumes quantum theory to hold locally, then processes with indefinite causal order and cyclic causal structures become feasible. Here, we study qualitative limitations on causal structures and correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Eleftherios-Ermis Tselentis , Ämin Baumeler

Recent research has severely constrained the standard ``defect'' models of cosmic structure formation. Here I discuss the nature of the problems with defect models, and place this discussion in the context of the big picture of cosmic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-26 Andreas Albrecht

Causal modelling provides a powerful set of tools for identifying causal structure from observed correlations. It is well known that such techniques fail for quantum systems, unless one introduces `spooky' hidden mechanisms. Whether one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-28 Fabio Costa , Sally Shrapnel

We look more carefully at the modeling of causality using structural equations. It is clear that the structural equations can have a major impact on the conclusions we draw about causality. In particular, the choice of variables and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-15 Joseph Y. Halpern , Christopher Hitchcock

In this work we revisit the notion of the (future) causal completion of a globally hyperbolic spacetime and endow it with the structure of a Lorentzian pre-length space. We further carry out this construction for a certain class of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-28 L. Ake Hau , Saul Burgos , Didier A. Solis

In General Relativity the metric can be recovered from the structure of the lightcones and a measure giving the volume element. Since the causal structure seems to be simpler than the Lorentzian manifold structure, this suggests that it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-28 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

Causal inference is a science with multi-disciplinary evolution and applications. On the one hand, it measures effects of treatments in observational data based on experimental designs and rigorous statistical inference to draw causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Jingying Zeng , Run Wang

A Random Graph is a random object which take its values in the space of graphs. We take advantage of the expressibility of graphs in order to model the uncertainty about the existence of causal relationships within a given set of variables.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Mauricio Gonzalez-Soto , Ivan R. Feliciano-Avelino , L. Enrique Sucar , Hugo J. Escalante Balderas

Dual structures on causal sets called timelets are introduced, being discrete analogs of global time coordinates. Algebraic and geometrical features of the set of timelets on a causal set are studied. A characterization of timelets in terms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-26 Roman Zapatrin

Much of our experiments are designed to uncover the cause(s) and effect(s) behind a data generating mechanism (i.e., phenomenon) we happen to be interested in. Uncovering such relationships allows us to identify the true working of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 M. Z. Naser

The full causal ladder of spacetimes is constructed, and their updated main properties are developed. Old concepts and alternative definitions of each level of the ladder are revisited, with emphasis in minimum hypotheses. The implications…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-05-20 E. Minguzzi , M. Sanchez

A reflexive relation on a set can be a starting point in defining the causal structure of a spacetime in General Relativity and other relativistic theories of gravity. If we identify this relation as the relation between lightlike separated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-07 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica