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Related papers: TDIR: Time-Delay Interferometric Ranging for Space…

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The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detector to be launched in the next decade. Central to LISA data analysis is time-delay interferometry (TDI), a numerical procedure which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-04 Raissa Costa Barroso , Yves Lemière , François Mauger , Quentin Baghi

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a future space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector designed to be sensitive to sources radiating in the low frequency regime (0.1 mHz to 1 Hz). LISA's interferometer signals will be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Sourath Ghosh , Josep Sanjuan , Guido Mueller

The proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is tasked with the detection and characterization of gravitational waves from various sources in the universe. This endeavor is challenged by transient displacement and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Niklas Houba , Luigi Ferraioli , Domenico Giardini

A crucial challenge to the ongoing endeavor of spaceborne gravitational wave (GW) detection resides in the laser phase noise, typically 7 to 8 orders of magnitude above the inevitable noise. The arm locking technique was proposed to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Han-Zhong Wu , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

In early 2024, ESA formally adopted the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) space mission with the aim of measuring gravitational waves emitted in the millihertz range. The constellation employs three spacecraft that exchange laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-15 Shivani Harer , Martin Staab , Hubert Halloin

We report on three numerical experiments on the implementation of Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) for LISA, performed with Synthetic LISA, a C++/Python package that we developed to simulate the LISA science process at the level of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Michele Vallisneri

Many years of development have gone into producing instruments that meet the required noise performance of the LISA interferometric detection system. Concurrently, software simulations have been used to extensively develop the data analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Reid Ferguson , Olaf Hartwig , Guido Mueller

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are designed for wave sources in the millihertz band with different locations and orientations. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) technique is an indispensable ingredient in space-borne GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-05 Pan-Pan Wang , Hao-Kang Chen , Wei-Liang Qian , Rui Luo , Jing Zhou , Wei-Sheng Huang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

Probing extra polarizations in gravitational waves (GWs) with space-based detectors is the most direct method for testing theories of gravity. In this paper, by employing the second-generation time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel out…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-22 Tong Jiang , Chunyu Zhang

High-precision interpolation of LISA phase measurements allows signal reconstruction and formulation of Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) combinations to be conducted in post-processing. The reconstruction is based on phase measurements made…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 D. A. Shaddock , B. Ware , R. E. Spero , M. Vallisneri

LISA will detect gravitational waves (GWs) in the milli-Hz frequency band in space. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is developed to suppress laser frequency noise beneath the acceleration noise and optical metrology noise. To identify…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-30 Gang Wang , Bin Li , Peng Xu , Xilong Fan

eLISA/NGO is a new gravitational wave detection proposal with arm length of 10^6 km and one interferometer down-scaled from LISA. Just like LISA and ASTROD-GW, in order to attain the requisite sensitivity for eLISA/NGO, laser frequency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-08 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) aims to observe gravitational waves in the mHz regime over its 10-year mission time. LISA will operate laser interferometers between three spacecrafts. Each spacecraft will utilize independent…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-03 Kohei Yamamoto , Christoph Vorndamme , Olaf Hartwig , Martin Staab , Thomas S. Schwarze , Gerhard Heinzel

Tilts of certain elements within a laser interferometer can undesirably couple into measurements as a form of noise, known as tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling. This TTL coupling is anticipated to be one of the primary noise sources in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-18 Henry Wegener , Sarah Paczkowski , Marie-Sophie Hartig , Martin Hewitson , Gerhard Heinzel , Gudrun Wanner

The current design of space-based gravitational wave detectors utilizes heterodyne laser interferometry in inter-satellite science measurements. Frequency variations of the heterodyne beatnotes are predominantly caused by the Doppler effect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang

Proper tuning of the orbital characteristics of the three spacecrafts that constitute the usual triangular configuration of the space-borne gravitational-wave detector LISA, could minimize the breathing mode of its arm-lengths. Since the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-04-15 Ioannis Deligiannis , Theocharis A. Apostolatos

Spaceborne gravitational wave observatories, exemplified by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, are designed to remove laser noise and clock noise from interferometric phase measurements in postprocessing. The planned…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-18 Kohei Yamamoto , Hannah Tomio , Charlotte Zehnder , Kenji Numata , Holly Leopardi

Forthcoming space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will employ second-generation time-delay interferometry (TDI) to suppress laser frequency noise and achieve the sensitivity required for GW detection. We introduce an inverse…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-04 Chunyu Zhang

We experimentally demonstrate a novel interferometric architecture for next-generation gravity missions, featuring a laser ranging interferometer (LRI) that enables monoaxial transmission and reception of laser beams between two optical…

In this article, which will appear as a chapter in the Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, we will describe the detection of gravitational waves with space-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories. We will provide an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-27 Jonathan R Gair , Martin Hewitson , Antoine Petiteau , Guido Mueller