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Time-delay interferometry (TDI) suppresses laser frequency noise by forming linear combinations of time-shifted interferometric measurements. The time-shift operation is implemented by interpolating discretely sampled data. To enable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Martin Staab , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Graham Woan , Peter Wolf

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a key technique employed in gravitational wave (GW) space missions to mitigate laser frequency noise by combining multiple laser links and establishing an equivalent equal arm interferometry. The null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-10 Gang Wang

We investigate the impact of missing input data on the construction of second-generation Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) variables, which enable data analysis for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). TDI relies on the introduction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-09 Ollie Burke , Martina Muratore , Graham Woan

Data from the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to be dominated by frequency noise from its lasers. However the noise from any one laser appears more than once in the data and there are combinations of the data that are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 J. D. Romano , G. Woan

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for suppressing laser frequency noise in space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as LISA. However, current second-generation TDI schemes often exhibit undesirable null frequencies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-19 Gang Wang

In this work, we have built an experimental setup to simulate the clock noise transmission with two spacecrafts and two optical links, and further demonstrated the extraction of picometer level signal drowned by the large laser frequency…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Mingyang Xu , Yujie Tan , Yurong Liang , Jiawen Zhi , Xiaoyang Guo , Dan Luo , Panpan Wang , Hanzhong Wu , Chenggang Shao

Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is often utilized in the data pre-processing of space-based gravitational wave detectors, primarily for suppressing laser frequency noise. About twenty years ago, assuming armlengths remain constant over…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-30 Weisheng Huang , Pan-Pan Wang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detector to be launched in the next decade. Central to LISA data analysis is time-delay interferometry (TDI), a numerical procedure which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-04 Raissa Costa Barroso , Yves Lemière , François Mauger , Quentin Baghi

The time delay interferometry (TDI) is an algorithm proposed to suppress the laser frequency noise in space-borne gravitational wave detectors. As a post-processing technique, it is implemented by constructing a virtual equal arm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Yu-Jie Tan , Han-Zhong Wu , Cheng-Gang Shao

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) aims to observe gravitational waves in the mHz regime over its 10-year mission time. LISA will operate laser interferometers between three spacecrafts. Each spacecraft will utilize independent…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-03 Kohei Yamamoto , Christoph Vorndamme , Olaf Hartwig , Martin Staab , Thomas S. Schwarze , Gerhard Heinzel

Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is an indispensable step in the whole data processing procedure of space-based gravitational wave detection, as it mitigates the overwhelming laser frequency noise, which would otherwise completely bury the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-30 Minghui Du , Pengzhan Wu , Ziren Luo , Peng Xu

The LISA mission is a space interferometer aiming at the detection of gravitational waves in the [$10^{-4}$,$10^{-1}$] Hz frequency band. In order to reach the gravitational wave detection level, a Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) method…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Pireaux

In an effort to eliminate laser phase noise in laser interferometer spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, several combinations of signals have been found that allow the laser noise to be canceled out while gravitational wave signals…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Neil J. Cornish , Ronald W. Hellings

LISA will detect gravitational waves (GWs) in the milli-Hz frequency band in space. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is developed to suppress laser frequency noise beneath the acceleration noise and optical metrology noise. To identify…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-30 Gang Wang , Bin Li , Peng Xu , Xilong Fan

The proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is tasked with the detection and characterization of gravitational waves from various sources in the universe. This endeavor is challenged by transient displacement and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Niklas Houba , Luigi Ferraioli , Domenico Giardini

We anticipate noise from the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will exhibit nonstationarities throughout the duration of its mission due to factors such as antenna repointing, cyclostationarities from spacecraft motion, and glitches…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-29 Matthew C. Edwards , Patricio Maturana-Russel , Renate Meyer , Jonathan Gair , Natalia Korsakova , Nelson Christensen

eLISA/NGO is a new gravitational wave detection proposal with arm length of 10^6 km and one interferometer down-scaled from LISA. Just like LISA and ASTROD-GW, in order to attain the requisite sensitivity for eLISA/NGO, laser frequency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-08 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

We present detailed numerical simulations of a laser phase stabilization scheme for LISA, where both lasers emitting along one arm are locked to each other. Including the standard secondary noises and spacecraft motions that approximately…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Julien Sylvestre

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for space-based gravitational-wave detectors to create laser-noise-free equal-optical-path-length interferometers virtually on the ground. It relies on the interspacecraft…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Philipp Euringer , Olaf Hartwig , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Gerhard Heinzel , Kohei Yamamoto

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the one-way Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. By taking finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Prasanna Joshi