Related papers: Note on the luminosity distance
An introduction to the physics and mathematics of the expanding universe, using no more than high-school level / undergraduate mathematics. Covered are the basics of scale factor expansion, the dynamics of the expanding universe, various…
The starting point of this work is the principle that all movement of particles and photons must follow geodesics of a 4-dimensional space where time intervals are always a measure on geodesic arc lengths. The last 3 coordinates (alpha =…
The apparent properties of distant objects encode information about the way the light they emit propagates to an observer, and therefore about the curvature of the underlying spacetime. Measuring the relationship between the redshift $z$…
A new derivation of the relativistic aberration formula for a plane-polarized light wave is presented that does not require any use of the Lorentz transformation. The method is based on a modification of the Huygens-Fresnel principle to…
Maxwellian approximations to linear general relativity are revisited in light of relatively recent results on the degrees of freedom in the linear gravitational field. The well-known Maxwellian formalism obtained in harmonic coordinates is…
Electric magnetic duality symmetry is well understood in vacuum. For light propagating through a medium this symmetry is typically broken. We investigate under what conditions duality transformation is preserved in a linear medium and…
A formulation for stationary axisymmetric electromagnetic fields in general relativity is derived by casting them into the form of an anisotropic fluid. Several simplifications of the formalism are carried out in order to analyze different…
The Lorenz electromagnetic theory of light, published two years after the Maxwell theory, starts by postulating that both scalar and vector potentials are retarded. We show that in spite of this postulate, Lorenz's theory gives a…
Using equations of motion with the anisotropic dissipative term for quantum particle and quantum-mechanical commutation rules, the general Maxwell-type differential equations are derived. The direct modifications of the well-known Maxwell…
We demonstrate a technique to generate new class of exact solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell system describing a static spherically symmetric relativistic star with anisotropic matter distribution. An interesting feature of the new class of…
The most recent cosmological observations indicate that the present universe is flat and vacuum dominated. In such a universe, the distance measurements are always difficult and involve numerical computations. In this paper, it is shown…
In the following paper we continue the work of Bimonte-Lizzi-Sparano on distances on a one dimensional lattice. We succeed in proving analytically the exact formulae for such distances. We find that the distance to an even point on the…
The goal of this document is to illustrate that teaching the concepts of magnitudes is a needless complication in introductory astronomy courses, and that use of monochromatic luminosities, rather than arbitrarily defined magnitudes, leads…
We examine a notion of an elementary particle in classical physics and suggest that its existence requires non-trivial homotopy of space-time. We show that non-trivial homotopy may naturally arise for space-times in which metric relations…
A generalisation of Riemannian geometry is considered, based exclusively on the minimal assumptions that the line element $ds$ is a regular function of position and direction and that the distance of every point from itself is equal to…
The special theory of relativity is constructed demanding the retention of the rectilinear form of a trajectory and invariance of the wave equation under linear transformations of space and time coordinates. The usual approach to relativity…
In this paper, we prove that two different observers don't equally measure the distance between two points A and B. For this, we introduce some postulates and obtain a new formula to show distance between A and B. In this formula, radius of…
A method of solving Maxwell equations in a vicinity of a multipole particle (moving along an arbitrary trajectory) is proposed. The method is based on a geometric construction of a trajectory-adapted coordinate system, which simplifies…
The notion of distance between a global Maxwellian function and an arbitrary solution $f$ (with the same total density $\rho$ at the fixed moment $t$) of Boltzmann equation is introduced. In this way we essentially generalize the important…
We consider the problem of distance between two particles in the universe, where space is taken to be Liebnizian rather than Newtonian, this being the present day approach. We then argue that with latest inputs from physics, it is possible…