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Exciting scientific results such as the discovery of the Higgs boson offer a great opportunity to engage young people in particle physics. International Particle Physics Masterclasses highlight how high school students across the world can…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-01-29 Ken Cecire , Ivan Melo , Boris Tomášik

Excellent computer simulations are done for a purpose. The most valid purposes are to explore uncharted territory, to resolve a well-posed scientific or technical question, or to make a design choice. Stand-alone modeling can serve the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Leo P. Kadanoff

It is generally assumed that a Hamiltonian for a physically acceptable quantum system (one that has a positive-definite spectrum and obeys the requirement of unitarity) must be Hermitian. However, a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian can also define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Carl M. Bender , Daniel W. Hook

When numerically solving Einstein's equations for binary black holes (BBH), we must find initial data on a three-dimensional spatial slice by solving constraint equations. The construction of initial data is a multi-step process, in which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-19 Iago B. Mendes , Nils L. Vu , Oliver Long , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Robert Owen

We study the plane-symmetric collision of two gravitational waves and describe the global spacetime geometry generated by this collision. To this end, we formulate the characteristic initial value problem for the Einstein equations, when…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-09 Bruno Le Floch , Philippe G. LeFloch , Gabriele Veneziano

We establish an optimal gluing construction for general relativistic initial data sets. The construction is optimal in two distinct ways. First, it applies to generic initial data sets and the required (generically satisfied) hypotheses are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Piotr T. Chrusciel , James Isenberg , Daniel Pollack

The purpose of this work is to construct asymptotically flat, time symmetric initial data with an apparent horizon of prescribed intrinsic and extrinsic geometry. To do this, we use the parabolic partial differential equation for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-15 Brian Smith

Incorporating computer programming exercises into introductory physics is a delicate task that involves a number of choices that may have an effect on student learning. We present a "hybrid" approach that speaks to a number of common…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-11-14 Chris Orban , Richelle M. Teeling-Smith , Joseph R. H. Smith , Chris D. Porter

The past decades have seen increasing interest in modelling uncertainty by heterogeneous methods, combining probability and interval analysis, especially for assessing parameter uncertainty in engineering models. A unifying mathematical…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-15 Jelena Karakašević , Michael Oberguggenberger

A unified general approach is presented for construction of solutions of the characteristic initial value problems for various integrable hyperbolic reductions of Einstein's equations for space-times with two commuting isometries in General…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 G. A. Alekseev

The goal of this Section is to formulate some of the basic results on the theory of integral equations and mention some of its applications. The literature of this subject is very large. Proofs are not given due to the space restriction.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-03-03 A. G. Ramm

Stochastic differential equations for processes with values in Hilbert spaces are now largely used in the quantum theory of open systems. In this work we present a class of such equations and discuss their main properties; moreover, we…

funct-an · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alberto Barchielli , Fabio Zucca

We find initial data for numerical relativity simulations of inhomogeneous cosmologies. This involves treating an exceptional case of the general relativity constraint equations. We devise analytic and numerical methods to treat this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-19 David Garfinkle , Lawrence Mead

The hyperspherical harmonic basis is used to describe bound states in an $A$--body system. The approach presented here is based on the representation of the potential energy in terms of hyperspherical harmonic functions. Using this…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-05-13 M. Gattobigio , A. Kievsky , M. Viviani , P. Barletta

The purpose of these lectures is to give a short introduction into a very vast field of numerical simulations for cosmological applications. I focus on major features of the simulations: the equations, main numerical techniques, effects of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 A. Klypin

String cosmology aims at providing a reliable description of the very early Universe in the regime where standard-model physics is no longer appropriate, and where we can safely apply the basic ingredients of superstring models such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-24 M. Gasperini

In recent work, we used pseudo-differential theory to establish conditions that the initial-boundary value problem for second order systems of wave equations be strongly well-posed in a generalized sense. The applications included the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 H. -O. Kreiss , O. Reula , O. Sarbach , J. Winicour

Numerical simulations are becoming a more effective tool for conducting detailed investigations into the evolution of our universe. In this article, we show how the framework of numerical relativity can be used for studying cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-13 David Garrison

We explore whether a new method to solve the constraints of Einstein's equations, which does not involve elliptic equations, can be applied to provide initial data for black holes. We show that this method can be successfully applied to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-08 István Rácz , Jeffrey Winicour

The basic notions of statistical mechanics (microstates, multiplicities) are quite simple, but understanding how the second law arises from these ideas requires working with cumbersomely large numbers. To avoid getting bogged down in…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-02-27 Thomas A. Moore , Daniel V. Schroeder
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