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Noether's first and second theorems both imply conserved currents that can be identified as an energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The first theorem identifies the EMT as the conserved current associated with global spacetime translations, while…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 Adam Freese

In an extended, new form of general relativity, which is a teleparallel theory of gravity, we examine the energy-momentum and angular momentum carried by gravitational wave radiated from Newtonian point masses in a weak-field approximation.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Eisaku Sakane , Toshiharu Kawai

In the momentarily comoving frame of a cosmological fluid, the determinant of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) is highly sensitive to its pressure. This component is significant during radiation-dominated epochs and becomes naturally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-27 Hemza Azri , Kemal Gültekin , Adrian K. E. Tee

We derive the affine tensor associated with the energy and momentum densities of both gravitational and matter fields, the complex pseudo-tensor, for $f(Q)$ non-metric gravity, the straightforward extension of Symmetric Teleparallel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-25 Salvatore Capozziello , Maurizio Capriolo , Gaetano Lambiase

In the $\bar{\mbox{\rm Poincar\'{e}}}$ gauge theory of gravity, which has been formulated on the basis of a principal fiber bundle over the space-time manifold having the covering group of the proper orthochronous Poincar\'{e} group as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Toshiharu Kawai

Does relativistic gravity provide arguments against the existence of a preferred frame? Our answer is negative. We define a viable theory of gravity with preferred frame. In this theory, the EEP holds exactly, and the Einstein equations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-23 I. Schmelzer

The influence of the gravity acceleration on the regularized energy-momentum tensor of the quantized electromagnetic field between two plane parallel conducting plates is derived. We use Fermi coordinates and work to first order in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Giuseppe Bimonte , Enrico Calloni , Giampiero Esposito , Luigi Rosa

Given the present status of the problem of the electromagnetic energy tensor in matter, there is perhaps use in recalling a forgotten argument given in 1923 by W. Gordon. Let us consider a material medium which is homogeneous and isotropic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 S. Antoci , L. Mihich

Viewing gravitational energy-momentum $p_G^\mu$ as equal by observation, but different in essence from inertial energy-momentum $p_I^\mu$ naturally leads to the gauge theory of volume-preserving diffeormorphisms of an inner Minkowski space…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-03-03 C. Wiesendanger

Differential conservation laws in Lagrangian field theory are usually related to symmetries of a Lagrangian density and are obtained if the Lie derivative of a Lagrangian density by a certain class of vector fields on a fiber bundle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 G. Giachetta , G. Sardanashvily

Apart from the familiar structure firmly-rooted in the general relativistic field equations where the energy--momentum tensor has a null divergence i.e., it conserves, there exists a considerable number of extended theories of gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-09 Hermano Velten , Thiago R. P. Caramês

By embedding Einstein's original formulation of GR into a broader context we show that a dynamic covariant description of gravitational stress-energy emerges naturally from a variational principle. A tensor $T^G$ is constructed from a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 T. Dereli , R. W. Tucker

In the context of a gauge theory for the translation group, a conserved energy-momentum gauge current for the gravitational field is obtained. It is a true spacetime and gauge tensor, and transforms covariantly under global Lorentz…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 V. C. de Andrade , L. C. T. Guillen , J. G. Pereira

We investigate the energy-momentum balance in the perforating collision of a point particle with an infinitely thin planar domain wall within the linearized gravity in arbitrary dimensions. Since the metric of the wall increases with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-02-11 D. V. Gal'tsov , E. Yu. Melkumova , P. A. Spirin

Backgrounds are pervasive in almost every application of general relativity. Here we consider the Lagrangian formulation of general relativity for large perturbations with respect to a curved background spacetime. We show that Noether's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. N. Petrov , J. Katz

We derive constraints on the four dimensional energy-momentum tensor from gravitational and gauge anomalies. Our work can be considered an extension of Duff's analysis [1] to include parity-odd terms and explicit symmetry breaking. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-18 Rémy Larue , Jérémie Quevillon , Roman Zwicky

Gravity, and the puzzle regarding its energy, can be understood from a gauge theory perspective. Gravity, i.e., dynamical spacetime geometry, can be considered as a local gauge theory of the symmetry group of Minkowski spacetime: the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-30 Chiang-Mei Chen , James M. Nester

The total momentum of a thermodynamically closed system is unique, as is the total energy. Nevertheless, there is continuing confusion concerning the correct form of the momentum and the energy-momentum tensor for an electromagnetic field…

Optics · Physics 2015-02-12 Michael E. Crenshaw , Thomas B. Bahder

The main scope of this research consists in evaluating the energy-momentum (gravitational field plus matter) and gravitational angular momentum densities in the universe with global rotation, considering the Godel-Obukhov metric. For this,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-19 A. A. Sousa , R. B. Pereira , A. C. Silva

We explain the necessity of application of semi-metric in general relativity. A detailed discussion on the energy-momentum conservation in the general relativity is presented using the mathematical tool of semi-metric. By means of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-28 Yi-Shi Duan , Jing-Ye Zhang