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We present the argument that the past limit of the Trautman-Bondi mass is the ADM mass under weak hypotheses on the decay of the metric towards spatial infinity, without any smallness conditions on the initial data, assuming well defined…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-14 Lydia Bieri , Piotr T. Chruściel

Continuing work initiated in an earlier publication [Ishihara, Suzuki, Ono, Kitamura, Asada, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 94}, 084015 (2016) ], we discuss a method of calculating the bending angle of light in a static, spherically symmetric and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-22 Asahi Ishihara , Yusuke Suzuki , Toshiaki Ono , Hideki Asada

We define the energy of a perfectly isolated system at a given retarded time as the suitable null limit of the quasilocal energy $E$. The result coincides with the Bondi-Sachs mass. Our $E$ is the lapse-unity shift-zero boundary value of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 J. D. Brown , S. R. Lau , J. W. York,

We study the difficulties associated with the evaluation of the total Bondi momentum at finite distances around the central source of a general (asymptotically flat) spacetime. Since the total momentum is only rigorously defined at future…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Emanuel Gallo , Luis Lehner , Osvaldo Moreschi

There are two important statements regarding the Trautman-Bondi mass at null infinity: one is the positivity, and the other is the Bondi mass loss formula, which are both global in nature. In this note, we compute the limit of the Wang-Yau…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-23 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

It is well known that the spacetime $\text{AdS}_2\times S^2$ arises as the `near horizon' geometry of the extremal Reisser-Nordstrom solution, and for that reason it has been studied in connection with the AdS/CFT correspondence. Motivated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-02 Gregory J. Galloway , Melanie Graf , Eric Ling

We show that known entropy bounds constrain the information carried off by radiation to null infinity. We consider distant, planar null hypersurfaces in asymptotically flat spacetime. Their focussing and area loss can be computed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-14 Raphael Bousso

We argue that it is possible to assign Bondi as well as ADM four-momentum to the ultrarelativistic limit of the Schwarzschild black hole in agreement to what is expected on physical grounds: The Bondi-momentum is lightlike and equal to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 P. C. Aichelburg , H. Balasin

A definition of asymptotic flatness at spatial infinity in $d$ dimensions ($d\geq 4$) is given using the conformal completion approach. Then we discuss asymptotic symmetry and conserved quantities. As in four dimensions, in $d$ dimensions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-19 Kentaro Tanabe , Norihiro Tanahashi , Tetsuya Shiromizu

Consider compact objects --such as neutron star or black hole binaries-- in \emph{full, non-linear} general relativity. In the case with zero cosmological constant $\Lambda$, the gravitational radiation emitted by such systems is described…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-31 Abhay Ashtekar , Sina Bahrami

Relative motion in space with multifractal time (fractional dimension of time close to integer $d_{t}=1+\epsilon (r,t), \epsilon \ll 1$) for "almost" inertial frames of reference (time is almost homogeneous and almost isotropic) is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Ya. Kobelev

The asymptotic symmetries in Brans-Dicke theory are analyzed using Penrose's conformal completion method, which is independent of the coordinate system used. These symmetries indeed include supertranslations and Lorentz transformations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-11 Shaoqi Hou , Zong-Hong Zhu

This paper initiates a series of works dedicated to the rigorous study of the precise structure of gravitational radiation near infinity. We begin with a brief review of an argument due to Christodoulou [1] stating that Penrose's proposal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-20 Lionor M. A. Kehrberger

Penrose's original heuristic for his eponymous spacetime inequality -- a conjectured lower bound on the ADM mass in terms of the area of a horizon cross-section -- relies on the black hole final state conjecture. In this paper we isolate a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Ahmed Ellithy

The connection between the Bondi-Sachs (BS) and the Newman-Penrose (NP) framework for the study of the asymptotics of the gravitational field is done. In particular the coordinate transformation relationg the BS luminosity parameter and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan Antonio Valiente Kroon

It is shown - in Ashtekar's canonical framework of General Relativity - that spherically symmetric (Schwarzschild) gravity in 4 dimensional space-time constitutes a finite dimensional completely integrable system. Canonically conjugate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 H. A. Kastrup , T. Thiemann

We summarize results on the Penrose inequality bounding the ADM-mass or the Bondi mass in terms of the area of an outermost apparent horizon for asymptotically flat initial data of Einstein's equations. We first recall the proof, due to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Malec , Marc Mars , Walter Simon

Inspired by interaction of gravitational waves and dark matters, we study the Bondi-Sachs formalism for Einstein massless scalar field with zero cosmological constant. We provide asymptotic expansions for the Bondi-Sachs metrics as well as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-29 Jialue Li , Xiao Zhang

The concepts of Lorentz invariance of local (flat space) physics, and unitarity of time evolution and the S-matrix, are famously rigid and robust, admitting no obvious consistent theoretical deformations, and confirmed to incredible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-06 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Paolo Benincasa

In general relativity, an idealized distant observer is situated at future null infinity where light rays emitted from the source approach. This article concerns conserved quantities such as mass, energy-momentum, angular momentum, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-11 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau