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Squeezed vacuum states are now employed in gravitational-wave interferometric detectors, enhancing their sensitivity and thus enabling richer astrophysical observations. In future observing runs, the detectors will incorporate a filter…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-13 Dhruva Ganapathy , Victoria Xu , Wenxuan Jia , Chris Whittle , Maggie Tse , Lisa Barsotti , Matthew Evans , Lee McCuller

Sensitivity of future laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors can be improved using squeezed light with frequency-dependent squeeze angle and/or amplitude, which can be created using additional so-called filter cavities. Here we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-20 Farit Ya. Khalili

LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, has been designed and constructed to measure gravitational wave strain via differential arm length. The LIGO 4-km Michelson arms with Fabry-Perot cavities have auxiliary length…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-28 Grant David Meadors , Keita Kawabe , Keith Riles

Current ground-based interferometers are optimized for sensitivity from a few tens of Hz to about 1 kHz. While they are not currently utilized for GW detection, interferometric detectors also feature narrow bands of strong sensitivity at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Christopher M. Jungkind , Brian C. Seymour , Andrew Laeuger , Yanbei Chen

The quantum noise of the light field is a fundamental noise source in interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Injected squeezed light is capable of reducing the quantum noise contribution to the detector noise floor to values that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Schnabel , J. Harms , K. A. Strain , K. Danzmann

We carried out a computer simulation of a large gravitational wave (GW) interferometer using the specifications of the LIGO instruments. We find that if in addition to the carrier, a single sideband offset from the carrier by the fsr…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-17 Adrian C. Melissinos

Gravitational-wave detectors use state-of-the-art quantum technologies to reduce the noise induced by vacuum fluctuations, via injection of squeezed states of light. Future detectors, such as Einstein Telescope, may require the use of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-22 Jacques Ding , Eleonora Capocasa , Isander Ahrend , Fangfei Liu , Yuhang Zhao , Matteo Barsuglia

Interferometric gravitational wave antennas are based on Michelson interferometers whose sensitivity to small differential length changes has been enhanced by adding multiple coupled optical resonators. The use of optical cavities is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Sigg , H. Rong , P. Fritschel , M. Zucker , R. Bork , N. Mavalvala , D. Ouimette , G. Gonzalez

Ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors are highly precise sensors for weak forces, limited in sensitivity across their detection band by quantum fluctuations of light. Current and future instruments address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Yohei Nishino , Stefan Danilishin , Yutaro Enomoto , Teng Zhang

The ``optical springs'' regime of the signal-recycled configuration of laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors is analyzed taking in account optical losses in the interferometer arm cavities. This regime allows to obtain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 F. Ya. Khalili , V. I. Lazebny , S. P. Vyatchanin

Squeezed states of light have been successfully employed in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors to reduce quantum noise, thus becoming one of the most promising options for extending the astrophysical reach of the generation of…

Optics · Physics 2017-04-13 Patrick Kwee , John Miller , Tomoki Isogai , Lisa Barsotti , Matthew Evans

Current and future interferometeric gravitational-wave detectors are limited predominantly by shot noise at high frequencies. Shot noise is reduced by introducing arm cavities and signal recycling, however, there exists a tradeoff between…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-22 Joe Bentley , Philip Jones , Denis Martynov , Andreas Freise , Haixing Miao

Laser interferometers with high circulating power and suspended optics, such as the LIGO gravitational wave detectors, experience an optomechanical coupling effect known as a parametric instability: the runaway excitation of a mechanical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-27 A. C. Green , D. D. Brown , M. Dovale-Álvarez , C. Collins , H. Miao , C. Mow-Lowry , A. Freise

The effect of gravitational waves (GWs) has been observed indirectly, by monitoring the change in the orbital frequency of neutron stars in a binary system as they lose energy via gravitational radiation. However, GWs have not yet been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-11 M. Salit , M. S. Shahriar

We simulate the performance of a gravitational wave interferometer in the Dual Recycling (DR) configuration, as will be used for systems like Advanced-LIGO. Our grid-based simulation program models complex interferometric detectors with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Brett Bochner

The future laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors sensitivity can be improved using squeezed light. In particular, recently a scheme which uses the optical field with frequency dependent squeeze factor, prepared by means of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Ya. Khalilli

The measurement of the close-to-the-carrier noise of rf and microwave devices is a relevant issue in time and frequency metrology and in some fields of electronics, physics and optics. While phase noise is the main concern, amplitude noise…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 Enrico Rubiola , Vincent Giordano

Precise laser alignment in optical cavities is essential for high-precision laser interferometry. We report on a table-top optical experiment featuring two alignment sensing schemes: the conventional Wavefront Sensing (WFS) scheme which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Raed Diab , Alvaro Herrera , Chance Jackson , Paul Fulda

We report on the experimental combination of three advanced interferometer techniques for gravitational wave detection, namely power-recycling, detuned signal-recycling and squeezed field injection. For the first time we experimentally…

The two 4 km long gravitational wave detectors operated by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) were modified in 2008 to read out the gravitational wave channel using the DC readout form of homodyne detection and…