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We provide a completely new relation between curvature bounds and definiteness of the causal character of maximizers by exploiting the robust notion of synthetic curvature. This enables us to relate low-regularity inextendibility of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-24 Tobias Beran , John Harvey , Clemens Sämann

A novel perspective on defining black holes designed to be more broadly applicable outside of asymptotically flat spacetimes, in the context of classical general relativity, is presented, discussed, and characterized. The construction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-06 James Wheeler

We show that the absence of unbounded algebraic curvature invariants constructed from polynomials of the Riemann tensor cannot guarantee the absence of strong singularities. As a consequence, it is not sufficient to rely solely on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-24 Renan B. Magalhães , Gabriel P. Ribeiro , Haroldo C. D. Lima Junior , Gonzalo J. Olmo , Luís C. B. Crispino

Several years ago, two of the present authors proposed the concept of the border of spacetime as a generalization of spacetime singularities. Visible borders of spacetime, which replace naked singularities of classical theory, are not only…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-24 Ken-ichi Nakao , Tomohiro Harada , Umpei Miyamoto

An extension of Penrose's singularity theorem is proved for spacetimes where black holes are allowed to form from non-singular initial data. With standard assumptions about the spacetime, and assuming the existence of a trapped surface…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-26 Alexander Vilenkin , Aron C. Wall

Penrose's singularity theorem implies that if a trapped region forms in a gravitational collapse, then a singularity must form as well within such region. However, it is widely expected that singularities should be generically avoided by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-02 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Francesco Di Filippo , Stefano Liberati , Matt Visser

We investigate here the final state of gravitational collapse of a non-spherical and non-marginally bound dust cloud as modeled by the Szekeres spacetime. We show that a directionally globally naked singularity can be formed in this case…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-25 Dipanjan Dey , Pankaj S. Joshi , Karim Mosani , Vitalii Vertogradov

We present some of the recent results and open questions on the causality problem in General Relativity. The concept of singularity is intimately connected with future trapped surface and inner event horizon formation. We offer a brief…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-27 E. M. Howard

We give an extremely short proof that the free-surface incompressible, irrotational Euler equations with regular initial condition can form a finite time singularity in 2D or 3D. Thus, we provide a simple view of the problem studied by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-12-24 Yi Zhou

Using a second law of complexity, we prove a black hole singularity theorem. By introducing the notion of trapped extremal surfaces, we show that their existence implies null geodesic incompleteness inside globally hyperbolic black holes.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-31 Vyshnav Mohan

Cosmological singularity theorems such as that of Hawking and Penrose assume local curvature conditions as well as global ones like the existence of a compact (achronal) slice. Here, we prove a new singularity theorem for chronological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-29 Martin Lesourd

This thesis operates within the framework of general relativity without curvature singularities. The motivation for this framework is explored, and several conclusions are drawn with a look towards future research. There are many ways to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-18 Alex Simpson

We reconsider space-time singularities in classical Einsteinian general relativity: with the help of several new co-ordinate systems we show that the Schwarzschild solution can be extended beyond the curvature singularity at r=0. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 K. Peeters , C. Schweigert , J. W. van Holten

We investigate static, spherically symmetric solutions in gravitational theories which have limited curvature invariants, aiming to remove the singularity in the Schwarzschild space-time. We find that if we only limit the Gauss-Bonnet term…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-25 Daisuke Yoshida , Robert H. Brandenberger

The {\em abstract boundary\/} (or {\em {\em a\/}-boundary\/}) of Scott and Szekeres \cite{Scott94} constitutes a ``boundary'' to any $n$-dimensional, paracompact, connected, Hausdorff, $C^\infty$-manifold (without a boundary in the usual…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Christopher J. Fama , Susan M. Scott

We investigate the effect of higher-order curvature terms, specifically Gauss-Bonnet terms, on spacetime singularities in five dimensions. For FLRW cosmologies, we demonstrate that Gauss-Bonnet terms can replace the Big Bang/Crunch with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Tariq Allaithy , Adel Awad , Mohamed Hany Radwan , Mohsen Zahran

The existence of black holes in the Universe is nowadays established on the grounds of a blench of astrophysical observations, most notably those of gravitational waves from binary mergers and the imaging of supermassive objects at the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-24 Haroldo C. D. Lima Junior , Renan B. Magalhães , Gonzalo J. Olmo , Diego Rubiera-Garcia

Geodesic completeness is typically regarded as a basic criterion to determine whether a given spacetime is regular or singular. However, the principle of general covariance does not privilege any family of observers over the others and,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-14 Gonzalo J. Olmo , Diego Rubiera-Garcia , Antonio Sanchez-Puente

A theorem, giving necessary and sufficient condition for naked singularity formation in spherically symmetric non static spacetimes under hypotheses of physical acceptability, is formulated and proved. The theorem relates existence of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Roberto Giambo' , Fabio Giannoni , Giulio Magli , Paolo Piccione

The problem of constructing naked singularities in general relativity can be naturally divided into two parts: (i) the construction of the region exterior to the past light cone of the singularity, extending all the way to (an incomplete)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-13 Serban Cicortas , Christoph Kehle