Related papers: Time and Energy in Gravity Theory
We define, by an integral of geometric quantities over a spherical shell of arbitrary radius, an invariant gravitational entropy. This definition relies on defining a gravitational energy and pressure, and it reduces at the horizon of both…
In the paper, elements of the system theory of time are presented, mathematical models for time are constructed, and various properties are deduced from the main principles of the system theory of time. This theory is a far-reaching…
We discuss the emergence of time in quantum gravity, and ask whether time is always "something that flows"'. We first recall that this is indeed the case in both relativity and quantum mechanics, although in very different manners: time…
We construct a general relativity formula for the law of gravity for material bodies. The formula contains three numeric parameters that are to be determined experimentally. If they are chosen from symmetry considerations, then the theory…
Our previous study [1] has demonstrated that the gauge theory is a proper framework for characterizing the local temporal and spatial interactions in inhomogeneous elastic media. However, in that study temporal interactions were interpreted…
In this study, we propose an extension of general relativity inspired by the van der Waals equation of state, incorporating non-ideal thermodynamic effects into the gravitational sector. Our approach is based on the thermodynamic…
In the framework of an effective field theory of general relativity a model of scalar and vector bosons interacting with the metric field is considered. It is shown in the framework of a two-loop order calculation that for the cosmological…
Static observers remain on Killing-vector world lines and measure the rest-mass+kinetic energies of particles moving past them, and the flux of that mechanical energy through space and time. The total mechanical energy is the total flux…
We present an introduction to mass and angular momentum in General Relativity. After briefly reviewing energy-momentum for matter fields, first in the flat Minkowski case (Special Relativity) and then in curved spacetimes with or without…
The present paper proposes a new explanation for the 3-dimensional Einstein general theory of relativity which is free of contradictions and consistent with usual 4-dimensional physics. We discuss the property of the new gravity theory with…
A new term describing interactions between charge and potentials may be added to the right hand side of the Einstein equations. In the proposed term an additional tensor has been introduced containing a charge density, analogous to the…
Towards the goal to quantize gravity, in this short review we discuss an intermediate step which consists in extending the picture of standard General Relativity by considering Extended Theories of Gravity. In this tapestry, the equations…
According to General Relativity gravity is the result of the interaction between matter and space-time geometry. In this interaction space-time geometry itself is dynamical: it can store and transport energy and momentum in the form of…
A general nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory is developed for time-dependent Langevin dynamics, starting from the common definition of nonequilibrium Gibbs entropy. It is shown that the notations appearing in the First and the Second Law…
In this work, we have discussed the Maxwell's electrodynamics in non-linear forms in FRW universe. The energy density and pressure for non-linear electrodynamics have been written in the electro-magnetic universe. The Einstein's field…
In the Schroedinger equation, time plays a special role as an external parameter. We show that in an enlarged system where the time variable denotes an additional degree of freedom, solutions of the Schroedinger equation give rise to…
Charge, like mass in Newtonian mechanics, is an irreducible element of electromagnetic theory that must be introduced ab initio. Its origin is not properly a part of the theory. Fields are then defined in terms of forces on either…
The generalisation of proper time, as an alternative to models with extra dimensions of space, has been proposed as the source of the elementary structures of matter. Direct connections with the Standard Model of particle physics together…
The equivalence principle in combination with the special relativistic equivalence between mass and energy, $E=mc^2$, is one of the cornerstones of general relativity. However, for composite systems a long-standing result in general…
The problem of the referring of space and time relationships between physical objects in a curved space-time is discussed. The basic notions of column and weak column that could constitute the basis for consistent general relativistic…