Related papers: Universal one-way light speed from a universal lig…
It is shown theoretically that the speed of light cannot depend on direction.
We consider the cosmological implications of light travelling faster in the early Universe. We propose a prescription for deriving corrections to the cosmological evolution equations while the speed of light $c$ is changing. We then show…
We have realized that under Lorentz transformations the tick number of a moving common clock remains unchanged, that is, the hand of the clock never runs slow, but the time interval between its two consecutive ticks contracts, so the…
The question of whether it is possible or not to surpass the speed of light is already centennial. The special theory of relativity took the existence of a speed limit as a principle, the light postulate, which has proven to be enormously…
The Sagnac effect has been shown in inertial frames as well as rotating frames. We solve the problem of the generalized Sagnac effect in the standard synchronization of clocks. The speed of a light beam that traverses an optical fiber loop…
It is proved that in experiments on or near the Earth, no anisotropy in the one-way velocity of light may be detected. The very accurate experiments which have been performed to detect such an effect are to be considered significant tests…
The speed of light in the global positioning system (GPS) is theoretically investigated through the analysis of navigation equations together with metric tensors for light speed constancy.
Basic for the definition of 'time' are clocks operating under stationary conditions. The periods of two clocks can be compared with each other via two return experiments. The central clock mediates between the rotating and the inertial…
We describe the space-time model of a uniformly rotating frame of reference satisfying the Helmholtz free mobility postulate, as we implemented it in a preceding article \cite{Bel1}, and we discuss the implications of this model as it…
The use of optical clocks/oscillators in future ultra-precise navigation, gravitational sensing, coherent arrays, and relativity experiments will require time comparison and synchronization over terrestrial or satellite free-space links.…
We present some basic facts concerning simultaneity in both special and general relativity. We discuss Weyl's proof of the consistence of Einstein's synchronization convention and consider the general relativistic problem of assigning a…
Civilization maintains an elaborate infrastructure devoted to the maintenance of synchronized time. Governments mandate daylight saving time. Standards bodies insert leap seconds into Coordinated Universal Time. Engineers debate leap…
We have defined slowness (or reciprocal velocity) corresponding to v as cc/v, where c is the speed of light and v is the corresponding velocity. Velocity and slowness are images of each other. Reciprocal symmetric law of addition of…
Relationship between the speed of gravity c_g and the speed of light c_e in the bi-metric theory of gravity is discussed. We reveal that the speed of light is a function of the speed of gravity which is a primary fundamental constant. Thus,…
From an extended relativistic dynamics for a particle moving in a cosmic background field with temperature T, we aim to obtain the speed of light with an explicit dependence on the background temperature of the universe. Although finding…
We study some limit theorems for the law of a generalized one-dimensional diffusion weighted and normalized by a non-negative function of the local time evaluated at a parametrized family of random times (which we will call a clock). As the…
Classical Doppler Effect of light propagation can be calculated by making any one of the two assumptions a) Light propagates at the speed c with respect to the source or b) Light propagates at the speed c with respect to the receptor. We…
In this paper, we demonstrate a low-cost method to measure the speed of light. It uses instruments which are readily available in any undergraduate laboratory in a developing country and some components which are inexpensive. The method is…
A spherically symmetric and static metric that describes physical coordinates is introduced. It is defined to be a metric that gives coordinate independent results for physically observable quantities without a further coordinate…
A protocol for synchronizing distant clocks is proposed that does not rely on the arrival times of the signals which are exchanged, and an optical implementation based on coherent-state pulses is described. This protocol is not limited by…