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Nearly a century after Einstein first predicted the existence of gravitational waves, a global network of earth-based gravitational wave observatories is seeking to directly detect this faint radiation using precision laser interferometry.…
We present the design, control system, and noise analysis of a 6-axis seismometer comprising a mass suspended by a single fused silica fibre. We utilise custom-made, compact Michelson interferometers for the readout of the mass motion…
PASCO scientific 012-05187C Precision Interferometer is used in Michelson mode to investigate wavelengths and refractive indices. From varying the distance of the movable mirror in the Michelson setup the wavelength of the HeNe laser beam…
We probe the motion of a 6 $\mu g$ magnetically levitated superconducting microsphere using optical interferometry at 3 K, achieving a resolution better than 1 $nm/ \sqrt{Hz}$, and use the measured signal to feedback-cool its motion. The…
We present a compact, fibre-coupled interferometer with high sensitivity and a large working range. We propose to use this interferometer as a readout mechanism for future inertial sensors, removing a major limiting noise source, and in…
Quantum metrology seeks to leverage the richness of quantum systems for making better measurements than are possible using only classical resources in order to gain a ``quantum advantage''. Quantum metrology schemes must also be resilient…
We calculate the response of an ideal Michelson interferometer incorporating both dual recycling and squeezed light to gravitational waves. The photon counting noise has contributions from the light which is sent in through the input ports…
In the detection of gravitational waves in space, the arm lengths between spacecraft are not equal due to their orbital motion. Consequently, the equal arm length Michelson interferometer used in Earth laboratories is not suitable for…
It has been suggested that space-time might undergo fluctuations because of its intrinsic quantum nature. These fluctuations would pose a fundamental limit to the ability of measuring distances with arbitrary precision, beyond any…
Present gravitational wave detectors are based on the measurement of linear displacement in stable optical cavities. Here, we instead suggest the measurement of the twist of a chiral mechanical element induced by a gravitational wave. The…
The detectors of the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) are broadly limited by the quantum noise and rely on the injection of squeezed states of light to achieve their full sensitivity. Squeezing improvement is…
The sensitivity of kilometer-scale terrestrial gravitational wave interferometers is limited by mirror coating thermal noise. We explore the effect of folding the arm cavities of such interferometers. While simple folding alone does not…
Photon shot noise, arising from the quantum-mechanical nature of the light, currently limits the sensitivity of all the gravitational wave observatories at frequencies above one kilohertz. We report a successful application of squeezed…
We propose a tunable resonant sensor to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range of 50-300 kHz using optically trapped and cooled dielectric microspheres or micro-discs. The technique we describe can exceed the sensitivity of…
We analyze the Michelson-Morley experiment in a reference frame moving with constant proper acceleration. Interestingly, we find an expected fringe shift which depends not only on the interferometer's rate of acceleration, but also on its…
We propose an experiment to extract ponderomotive squeezing from an interferometer with high circulating power and low mass mirrors. In this interferometer, optical resonances of the arm cavities are detuned from the laser frequency,…
The microhertz frequency band of gravitational waves probes the merger of supermassive black holes as well as many other gravitational wave phenomena. However, space-interferometry methods that use test masses would require further…
Three mode parametric instability has been predicted in Advanced gravitational wave detectors. Here we present the first observation of this phenomenon in a large scale suspended optical cavity designed to be comparable to those of advanced…
Effective field theories (EFT) of dark energy (DE) -- built to parameterise the properties of DE in an agnostic manner -- are severely constrained by measurements of the propagation speed of gravitational waves (GW). However, GW frequencies…
High precision interferometers are the building blocks of precision metrology and the ultimate interferometric sensitivity is limited by the quantum noise. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact quantum interferometer…