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We study de Sitter JT gravity in the canonical formulation to illustrate constructions of Hilbert spaces in quantum gravity, which is challenging due to the Hamiltonian constraints. The key ideas include representing states as "invariants"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-17 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

Witten described how a path integral quantization of Wilson Loop observables will define Jones polynomial type of link invariants, using the Chern-Simons gauge theory in $\mathbb{R}^3$. In this gauge theory, a compact Lie group ${\rm G}$,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-08 Adrian P. C. Lim

The Hilbert space of loop quantum gravity is usually described in terms of cylindrical functionals of the gauge connection, the electric fluxes acting as non-commuting derivation operators. It has long been believed that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-18 Aristide Baratin , Bianca Dittrich , Daniele Oriti , Johannes Tambornino

We study equivariant localization formulas for phase space path integrals when the phase space is a multiply connected compact Riemann surface. We consider the Hamiltonian systems to which the localization formulas are applicable and show…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Gordon W. Semenoff , Richard J. Szabo

In this paper we discuss a proposal of coherent states for Loop Quantum Gravity. These states are labeled by a point in the phase space of General Relativity as captured by a spin-network graph. They are defined as the gauge invariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-09-20 Eugenio Bianchi , Elena Magliaro , Claudio Perini

We construct a canonical formulation of general relativity for the case of a timelike foliation of spacetime. The formulation possesses explicit covariance with respect to Lorentz transformations in the tangent space. Applying the loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Sergei Alexandrov , Zoltan Kadar

Hilbert spaces in theories of gravity are notoriously subtle due to the Hamiltonian constraints, particularly regarding the inner product. To demystify this subject, we review and extend a collection of ideas in canonical gravity, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-15 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

A discrete model of Lorentzian quantum gravity is proposed. The theory is completely background free, containing no reference to absolute space, time, or simultaneity. The states at one slice of time are networks in which each vertex is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Aron C. Wall

Coherent states are introduced and their properties are discussed for all simple quantum compact groups. The multiplicative form of the canonical element for the quantum double is used to introduce the holomorphic coordinates on a general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-01 B. Jurco , P. Stovicek

In the framework of loop quantum gravity, we define a new Hilbert space of states which are solutions of a large number of components of the diffeomorphism constraint. On this Hilbert space, using the methods of Thiemann, we obtain a family…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-05 Jerzy Lewandowski , Hanno Sahlmann

In this work, it is demonstrated how the kinematical Hilbert space of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) can be inferred from the configuration space of BF theories via the imposition of the Hamiltonian constraints. In particular, it is outlined…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Francesco Cianfrani

Spin networks in Loop Quantum Gravity are traditionally described by unitary holonomies corresponding to noiseless transformations. In this work, we extend this framework to incorporate general quantum channels that model effects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Bartosz Grygielski , Jakub Mielczarek

We use the manifestly Lorentz covariant canonical formalism to evaluate eigenvalues of the area operator acting on Wilson lines. To this end we modify the standard definition of the loop states to make it applicable to the present case of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 S. Alexandrov , D. Vassilevich

In canonical gravity, the choice of a local time direction is not obviously compatible with local Lorentz invariance. One way to address this issue is to view gravity as a gauge theory on observer space, rather than spacetime. In a Lorentz…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-13 Steffen Gielen

Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) is one of the leading approaches to unify quantum physics and General Relativity (GR). The Hilbert space of LQG is spanned by spin-networks which describe the local geometry of quantum space-time. Simulation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-21 Swapnil Nitin Shah

We reconsider the Rovelli-Smolin model of gravity coupled to the Klein-Gordon time field with an eye towards capturing the degrees of freedom of the scalar field lost in the framework in which time is deparametrized by the scalar field.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Jerzy Lewandowski , Hanno Sahlmann

The observable algebra O of SO_q(3)-symmetric quantum mechanics is generated by the coordinates of momentum and position spaces (which are both isomorphic to the SO_q(3)-covariant real quantum space R_q^3). Their interrelations are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Wolfgang Weich

Within the generalized definition of coherent states as group orbits we study the orbit spaces and the orbit manifolds in the projective spaces constructed from linear representations. Invariant functions are suggested for arbitrary groups.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Nuno Barros e Sa

In Rovelli and Smolin's loop representation of nonperturbative quantum gravity in 4 dimensions, there is a space of solutions to the Hamiltonian constraint having as a basis isotopy classes of links in R^3. The physically correct inner…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 John C. Baez

We propose a new treatment of the quantum simplicity constraints appearing in the general ${SO(D+1)}$ formulation of loop quantum gravity for the ${(1+D)}$-dimensional space-time. Instead of strongly imposing the constraints, we construct a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-09 Gaoping Long , Chun-Yen Lin , Yongge Ma