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Black holes are thermodynamic objects, but despite recent progress, the ultimate statistical mechanical origin of black hole temperature and entropy remains mysterious. Here I summarize an approach in which the entropy is viewed as arising…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 Steven Carlip

The introduction of thermodynamics into gravitational physics began 5 decades ago with the discovery that black holes behave like thermodynamic systems once semiclassical quantum effects are taken into account. Notions of temperature,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Robert B. Mann

After reviewing the relation of entropy to information, I derive the entropy bound as applied to bounded weakly gravitating systems, and review the bound's applications to cosmology as well as its extensions to higher dimensions. I then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 Jacob D. Bekenstein

I review a new (and still tentative) approach to black hole thermodynamics that seeks to explain black hole entropy in terms of microscopic quantum gravitational boundary states induced on the black hole horizon.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 S. Carlip

A coarse-grained version of the effective action is used to study the thermodynamics of black holes, interpolating from largest to smallest masses. The physical parameter of the black hole are linked to the running couplings by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-23 Kevin Falls , Daniel F. Litim

Black holes monopolize nowadays the center stage of fundamental physics. Yet, they are poorly understood objects. Notwithstanding, from their generic properties, one can infer important clues to what a fundamental theory, a theory that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-04-05 José P. S. Lemos

The close similarities of the three laws of black hole mechanics, discovered by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking, with the laws of thermodynamics led to the identification of a multiple of the area of the event horizon with entropy. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Abhay Ashtekar , Daniel E. Paraizo , Jonathan Shu

The present equilibrium formulation of thermodynamics for black holes has several drawbacks, such as assuming the same temperature for black hole and heat bath. Recently the author formulated non-equilibrium thermodynamics for glassy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Thermodynamics of a large family of black holes from electrovacuum solutions of Einstein's equations is studied. This family includes rotating and non-accelerating black holes with NUT charge, and rotating and accelerating black holes. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Muhammad Bilal , K. Saifullah

Black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons. Here we calculate the entropy corresponding to the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole for…

General Physics · Physics 2019-02-28 Sandip Dutta , Ritabrata Biswas

We trace the origins and development of black hole thermodynamics across the past half-century, emphasizing the framework's relation to classical thermodynamics, and the vital role played by the notions of equilibrium, stationarity, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-26 Fil Simovic

Working in the framework of generalized statistics, the problem of establishing the third law of thermodynamics in the black hole physics is studied by focusing on Schwarzschild black hole which easily and clearly exposes the violation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-28 H. Moradpour , A. H. Ziaie , Iarley P. Lobo , J. P. Morais Graça , U. K. Sharma , A. Sayahian Jahromi

Black holes exist all over our Universe, possessing a very wide range of masses. At the moment, they serve as a probe to test general relativity at astrophysical scales, but in the future they may also give us information about gravity at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Tiago V. Fernandes

This talk gives a brief introduction to black hole horizons and their role in black hole thermodynamics. In particular a distinction is made between quasi-locally defined horizons and event horizons. Currently some new techniques have led…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-11-05 Alex B. Nielsen

To explain black hole thermodynamics in quantum gravity, one must introduce constraints to ensure that a black hole is actually present. I show that for a large class of black holes, such ``horizon constraints'' allow the use of conformal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

The thermodynamic inconsistency observed in regular black holes is resolved through the framework of reduced thermodynamic phase spaces. We demonstrate that regular black holes are essentially induced from singular black holes by adding an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-15 Meng-Sen Ma , Huai-Fan Li , Jian-Hua Shi

In this review we try to give a pedagogical introduction to the recent progress in the resolution of old problems of black hole thermodynamics within superstring theory. We start with a brief description of classical black hole dynamics.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 E. T. Akhmedov

We review the remarkable relationship between the laws of black hole mechanics and the ordinary laws of thermodynamics. It is emphasized that - in analogy with the laws of thermodynamics - the validity the laws of black hole mechanics does…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert M. Wald

We study the evolution of black hole entropy and temperature in collapse scenarios, finding three generic lessons. First, entropy evolution is extensive. Second, at large times, entropy and temperature ring with twice the frequency of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-09 Aron Jansen , Javier M. Magan

As in thermodynamics, the celebrated first law of black hole mechanics relates infinitesimal changes in the properties of nearby equilibrium states of black holes (without reference to any physical process that causes the transition). Using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Abhay Ashtekar , Daniel E. Paraizo , Jonathan Shu