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In this paper, we review the concept of entropy in connection with the description of quantum unstable systems. We revise the conventional definition of entropy due to Boltzmann and extend it so as to include the presence of complex-energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Osvaldo Civitarese , Manuel Gadella

In this special issue article, based on the talk with the same title in session B5 (Theoretical and Mathematical Cosmology) at GR19, we review the case of vorticity generation in cosmology using cosmological perturbation theory. We show…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-25 Adam J. Christopherson , Karim A. Malik

An expanding closed universe filled with radiation can either recollapse or tunnel to the regime of unbounded expansion, if the cosmological constant is nonzero. We re-examine the question of particle creation during tunneling, with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 J. Hong , A. Vilenkin , S. Winitzki

We explore the notion of generated entropy in open quantum systems. We focus on the study of the discrete-time quantum walk on the line, from the entropy production perspective. We argue that the evolution of the coin can be modeled as an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-13 Andrés Vallejo , Alejandro Romanelli , Raúl Donangelo , Renato Portugal

We consider a quantum spin system consisting of a finite subsystem connected to infinite reservoirs at different temperatures. In this setup we define nonequilibrium steady states and prove that the rate of entropy production in such states…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 David Ruelle

In nonequilibrium thermodynamics macroscopic entropy creation plays an important role. Here we study, from various viewpoints, its relation with the phase space contraction, which has been recently proposed as an apparently alternative…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giovanni Gallavotti

We consider the possibility of a gravitationally induced particle production through the mechanism of a nonminimal curvature-matter coupling. An interesting feature of this gravitational theory is that the divergence of the energy-momentum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-31 Tiberiu Harko , Francisco S. N. Lobo , José P. Mimoso , Diego Pavón

Entropy decreases on the Earth due to day/night temperature differences. This decrease exceeds the decrease in entropy on the Earth related to evolution by many orders of magnitude. Claims by creationists that science is somehow…

Popular Physics · Physics 2010-03-23 Robert D. Klauber

Particle production by expanding in the future light cone scalar quantum field is studied by assuming that the initial state is associated with the quasiequilibrium statistical operator corresponding to fluid dynamics. We calculate particle…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-06-23 S. V. Akkelin

Entropy generation in quantum sytems is tied to the existence of a nonclassical environment (heat bath or other) with which the system interacts. The continuous `measuring' of the open system by its environment induces decoherence of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hans-Thomas Elze

The characterization of irreversibility in general quantum processes is an open problem of increasing techno- logical relevance. Yet, the tools currently available to this aim are mostly limited to the assessment of dynamics induced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-06 Jader P. Santos , Gabriel T. Landi , Mauro Paternostro

Entropy is a very useful concept from physics that tries to explain how a system behaves from a point of view of the thermodynamics. However, there are two ways to explain entropy, and it depends on if we are studying a microsystem or a…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-02 Martin Pomares Calero

Here we study an anisotropic model of the universe with constant energy per particle. A decaying cosmological constant and particle production in an adiabatic process are considered as the sources for the entropy. The statefinder parameters…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Sisir Bhanja , Subenoy Chakraborty , Ujjal Debnath

Entropy serves as a central observable in equilibrium thermodynamics. However, many biological and ecological systems operate far from thermal equilibrium. Here we show that entropy production can characterize the behavior of such…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-17 Benjamin Andrae , Jonas Cremer , Tobias Reichenbach , Erwin Frey

Universe structure emerges in the unreduced, complex-dynamic interaction process with the simplest initial configuration (two attracting homogeneous fields, quant-ph/9902015). The unreduced interaction analysis gives intrinsically creative…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei P. Kirilyuk

Thermodynamic irreversibility is well characterized by the entropy production arising from non-equilibrium quantum processes. We show that the entropy production of a quantum system undergoing open-system dynamics can be formally split into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 Jader P. Santos , Lucas C. Céleri , Gabriel T. Landi , Mauro Paternostro

A model for the Universe is proposed where it is considered as a mixture of scalar and matter fields. The particle production is due to an irreversible transfer of energy from the gravitational field to the matter field and represented by a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 G. M. Kremer , M. C. N. Teixeira da Silva

There exists the "entropy problem" of the early universe, that is, why did the universe begin with an extremely low entropy and how did it evolve into such high entropy at late times? It has been long believed that inflation cannot be the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-12 Pisin Chen , Po-Shen Hsin , Yuezhen Niu

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the arrow of time points to an ever increasing entropy of the Universe. However, exactly how the entropy evolves with time and what drives the growth remain largely unknown. Here, for the first…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-09 Xinghai Zhao , Yuexing Li , Qirong Zhu , Derek Fox

Cosmologists wish to explain how our Universe, in all its complexity, could ever have come about. For that, we assess the number of states in our Universe now. This plays the role of entropy in thermodynamics of the Universe, and reveals…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-30 Marina Cortês , Stuart A. Kauffman , Andrew R. Liddle , Lee Smolin