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The null infinity limit of the gravitational energy-momentum and energy flux determined by the covariant Hamiltonian quasi-local expressions is evaluated using the NP spin coefficients. The reference contribution is considered by three…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Xiaoning Wu , Chiang-Mei Chen , James M. Nester

We investigate static and dynamical n(\ge 6)-dimensional black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity of which horizons have the isometries of an (n-2)-dimensional Einstein space with a condition on its Weyl tensor originally given by Dotti…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-27 Hideki Maeda

We present two complementary approaches for determining the reference for the covariant Hamiltonian boundary term quasi-local energy and test them on spherically symmetric spacetimes. On the one hand, we isometrically match the 2-surface…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Ming-Fan Wu , Chiang-Mei Chen , Jian-Liang Liu , James M. Nester

In general relativity, quasi-local energy-momentum expressions have been constructed from various formulae. However, Newtonian theory of gravity gives a well known and an unique quasi-local mass expression (surface integration). Since…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Yu-Huei Wu , Chih-Hung Wang

We propose that probability in quantum theory, like energy in general relativity, acquires a fundamentally quasilocal character in curved spacetime. Interpreting Hermiticity as the symmetry associated with inner-product conservation, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Oem Trivedi

The positive mass theorem is one of the fundamental results in general relativity. It states that, assuming the dominant energy condition, the total mass of an asymptotically flat spacetime is non-negative. The Penrose inequality provides a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-10-25 Po-Ning Chen

We construct the most general, to cubic order in curvature, theory of gravity whose (most general) static spherically symmetric vacuum solutions are fully described by a single field equation. The theory possess the following remarkable…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-07 Robie A. Hennigar , David Kubiznak , Robert B. Mann

The quasi-isotropic inhomogeneous solution of the Einstein equations near a cosmological singularity in the form of a series expansion in the synchronous system of reference, first found by Lifshitz and Khalatnikov in 1960, is generalized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 I. M. Khalatnikov , A. Yu. Kamenshchik , M. Martellini , A. A. Starobinsky

We study how the standard definitions of ADM mass and Brown-York quasi-local energy generalize to pure Lovelock gravity. The quasi-local energy is renormalized using the background subtraction prescription and we consider its limit for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-28 Jani Kastikainen

Casimir energy in presence of a weak gravitational field is discussed taking into account the issues related to energy and its conservation in a curved background. It is well-known that there are inherent difficulties in defining energy in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-24 Francesco Sorge

General matterless--theories in 1+1 dimensions include dilaton gravity, Yang--Mills theory as well as non--Einsteinian gravity with dynamical torsion and higher power gravity, and even models of spherically symmetric d = 4 General…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 W. Kummer , P. Widerin

In this article, we estimate the quasi-local energy with reference to the Minkowski spacetime [16,17], the anti-de Sitter spacetime [4], or the Schwarzschild spacetime [3]. In each case, the reference spacetime admits a conformal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-27 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

We provide arguments indicating that the semiclassical Einstein equations follow from quantum relative entropy and its proportionality to an area variation. Using modular theory, we establish that the relative entropy between the vacuum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-04 Philipp Dorau , Albert Much

Equilibrium thermodynamic laws are typically applied to horizons in general relativity without stating the conditions that bring them into equilibrium. We fill this gap by applying a new thermodynamic interpretation to a generalized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-31 Nezihe Uzun , David L. Wiltshire

Identifying a general quasi-local notion of energy-momentum and angular momentum would be an important advance in general relativity with potentially important consequences for mathematical and astrophysical studies in general relativity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-06 Daniel Pook-Kolb , Bowen Zhao , Lars Andersson , Badri Krishnan , Shing-Tung Yau

While the quasi-local thermodynamics of spherically symmetric black holes is well described by pressure and volume, extending this framework to rotating spacetimes poses a significant challenge. Rotation induces an oblate deformation of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-31 Thiago Campos

We investigate the thermodynamics of Einstein-Maxwell(-Dilaton) theory for an asymptotically flat spacetime in a quasilocal frame. We firstly define a quasilocal thermodynamic potential via the Euclidean on-shell action and formulate a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-29 Yein Lee , Matthew Richards , Sean Stotyn , Miok Park

In this work, we explore the formulation of the Misner-Sharp energy within the framework of $f(R, \mathcal{G})$ gravity, a modified theory incorporating the Ricci scalar $R$ and the Gauss-Bonnet scalar $\mathcal{G}$. By extending the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-06 Amin Rezaei Akbarieh , Navid Safarzadeh Ilkhchi , Yaghoub Heydarzade

The Kaluza-Klein formalism of the Einstein's theory, based on the (2,2)-fibration of a generic 4-dimensional spacetime, describes general relativity as a Yang-Mills gauge theory on the 2-dimensional base manifold, where the local gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. H. Yoon , S. K. Oh , C. M. Kim , Y. M. Cho

The generalized Stokes theorem (connecting integrals of dimensions 3 and 4) is formulated in a curved space-time in terms of paths in Minkowski space (forming Path Group). A covariant integral form of the conservation law for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Michael B. Mensky