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In this paper we investigate the intrinsic sequential time complexity of universal elimination procedures for arbitrary continuous data structures encoding input and output objects of elimination theory (i.e. polynomial equation systems)…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Castro , Marc Giusti , Joos Heintz , Guillermo Matera , Luis Miguel Pardo

While neural networks have achieved high performance in different learning tasks, their accuracy drops significantly in the presence of small adversarial perturbations to inputs. Defenses based on regularization and adversarial training are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Sahil Singla , Soheil Feizi

Local certification is a topic originating from distributed computing, where a prover tries to convince the vertices of a graph $G$ that $G$ satisfies some property $\mathcal{P}$. To convince the vertices, the prover gives a small piece of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Louis Esperet , Sébastien Zeitoun

The paper questions the robustness of average case time complexity of the fast and popular quicksort algorithm. Among the six standard probability distributions examined in the paper, only continuous uniform, exponential and standard normal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-27 Suman Kumar Sourabh , Soubhik Chakraborty

Pudl\'ak [Pud17] lists several major conjectures from the field of proof complexity and asks for oracles that separate corresponding relativized conjectures. Among these conjectures are: - $\mathsf{DisjNP}$: The class of all disjoint…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Titus Dose

We construct three public key knapsack cryptosystems. Standard knapsack cryptosystems hide easy instances of the knapsack problem and have been broken. The systems considered in the article face this problem: They hide a random (possibly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-03-17 Laurent Evain

The Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) is a standard assumption in (fine-grained) parameterized complexity and many tight lower bounds are based on it. We consider a number of reasonable weakenings of the SETH, with sources from (i)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Michael Lampis

The purpose of this article is to examine and limit the conditions in which the P complexity class could be equivalent to the NP complexity class. Proof is provided by demonstrating that as the number of clauses in a NP-complete problem…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-09-07 Jerrald Meek

Verifying the robustness of machine learning models against evasion attacks at test time is an important research problem. Unfortunately, prior work established that this problem is NP-hard for decision tree ensembles, hence bound to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Stefano Calzavara , Lorenzo Cazzaro , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Nicola Prezza

Automated theorem provers (ATPs) can disprove conjectures by saturating a set of clauses, but the resulting saturated sets are opaque certificates. In the unit equational fragment, a saturated set can in fact be read as a convergent rewrite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mikoláš Janota , Michael Rawson , Stephan Schulz

Conformal prediction (CP) converts any model's output to prediction sets with a guarantee to cover the true label with (adjustable) high probability. Robust CP extends this guarantee to worst-case (adversarial) inputs. Existing baselines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Soroush H. Zargarbashi , Aleksandar Bojchevski

Motivated by the theory of proof complexity generators we consider the following $\Sigma^p_2$ search problem $\mbox{DD}_P$ determined by a propositional proof system $P$: given a $P$-proof $\pi$ of a disjunction $\bigvee_i {\alpha}_i$, no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jan Krajicek

While 3-SAT is NP-hard, 2-SAT is solvable in polynomial time. Austrin, Guruswami, and H\r{a}stad roved a result known as "$(2+\varepsilon)$-SAT is NP-hard" [FOCS'14/SICOMP'17]. They showed that the problem of distinguishing k-CNF formulas…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Alex Brandts , Marcin Wrochna , Stanislav Živný

We show the following hold, unconditionally unless otherwise stated, relative to a random oracle: - There are NP search problems solvable by quantum polynomial-time machines but not classical probabilistic polynomial-time machines. - There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Takashi Yamakawa , Mark Zhandry

As one step in a working program initiated by Pudl\'ak [Pud17] we construct an oracle relative to which $\mathrm{P}\ne\mathrm{NP}$ and all non-empty sets in $\mathrm{NP}\cup\mathrm{coNP}$ have $\mathrm{P}$-optimal proof systems.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Titus Dose

We consider numerical certification of approximate solutions to a system of polynomial equations with more equations than unknowns by first certifying solutions to a square subsystem. We give several approaches that certifiably select which…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Timothy Duff , Nickolas Hein , Frank Sottile

We build a class of polynomial problems with not polynomial certificates. The parameter concerning which are defined efficiency of corresponding algorithms is the number $n$ of elements of the set has used at construction of combinatory…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-02-22 B. S. Kochkarev

This work studies the average complexity of solving structured polynomial systems that are characterized by a low evaluation cost, as opposed to the dense random model previously used. Firstly, we design a continuation algorithm that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Peter Bürgisser , Felipe Cucker , Pierre Lairez

Mahaney's Theorem states that, assuming $\mathsf{P} \neq \mathsf{NP}$, no NP-hard set can have a polynomially bounded number of yes-instances at each input length. We give an exposition of a very simple unpublished proof of Manindra Agrawal…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Joshua A. Grochow

The second-order cone (SOC) is a class of simple convex cones and optimizing over them can be done more efficiently than with semidefinite programming. It is interesting both in theory and in practice to investigate which convex cones admit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Victor Magron , Jie Wang