Related papers: Generalization of automatic sequences for numerati…
In this paper we define a notion of automatic randomness tests (ART) which capture measure theoretic typicalness of infinite binary sequences within the framework of automata theory. An individual ART is found to be equivalent to a…
We study the factor complexity and closure properties of automatic sequences based on Parry or Bertrand numeration systems. These automatic sequences can be viewed as generalizations of the more typical $k$-automatic sequences and…
An infinite permutation $\alpha$ is a linear ordering of $\mathbb N$. We study properties of infinite permutations analogous to those of infinite words, and show some resemblances and some differences between permutations and words. In this…
We consider the previously defined notion of finite-state independence and we focus specifically on normal words. We characterize finite-state independence of normal words in three different ways, using three different kinds of asynchronous…
We propose a new extension of higher-order pushdown automata, which allows to use an infinite alphabet. The new automata recognize languages of data words (instead of normal words), which beside each its letter from a finite alphabet have a…
The notion of $b$-regular sequences was generalized to abstract numeration systems by Maes and Rigo in 2002. Their definition is based on a notion of $\mathcal{S}$-kernel that extends that of $b$-kernel. However, this definition does not…
One of the major open problems in automata and logic is the following: is there an algorithm which inputs a regular tree language and decides if the language can be defined in first-order logic? The goal of this paper is to present this…
Deciding formulas mixing arithmetic and uninterpreted predicates is of practical interest, notably for applications in verification. Some decision procedures consist in building by structural induction an automaton that recognizes the set…
We show that a special case of the Feferman-Vaught composition theorem gives rise to a natural notion of automata for finite words over an infinite alphabet, with good closure and decidability properties, as well as several logical…
We generalize some of the central results in automata theory to the abstraction level of coalgebras and thus lay out the foundations of a universal theory of automata operating on infinite objects. Let F be any set functor that preserves…
The notion of transducer integer sequences is considered through a series of examples. By definition, transducer integer sequences are integer sequences produced, under a suitable interpretation, by finite automata encoding tree morphisms…
In this paper we use the framework of automatic sequences to study combinatorial sequences modulo prime powers. Given a sequence whose generating function is the diagonal of a rational power series, we provide a method, based on work of…
We define a notion of randomness for individual and collections of formal languages based on automatic martingales acting on sequences of words from some underlying domain. An automatic martingale bets if the incoming word belongs to the…
Counters that hold natural numbers are ubiquitous in modeling and verifying software systems; for example, they model dynamic creation and use of resources in concurrent programs. Unfortunately, such discrete counters often lead to…
Generalizing the idea of self-similar groups defined by Mealy automata, we itroduce the notion of a self-similar automaton and a self-similar group over a changing alphabet. We show that every finitely generated residually-finite group is…
Jumping automata are finite automata that read their input in a non-consecutive manner, disregarding the order of the letters in the word. We introduce and study jumping automata over infinite words. Unlike the setting of finite words,…
Let A be a finite alphabet and let L contained in (A*)^n be an n-variable language over A. We say that L is regular if it is the language accepted by a synchronous n-tape finite state automaton, it is quasi-regular if it is accepted by an…
This work studies the question of learning probabilistic deterministic automata from language models. For this purpose, it focuses on analyzing the relations defined on algebraic structures over strings by equivalences and similarities on…
Consider $ A^* $, the free monoid generated by the finite alphabet $A$ with the concatenation operation. Two words have the same commutative image when one is a permutation of the symbols of the other. The commutative closure of a set $ L…
We observe that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) are capable of autoregressively completing complex token sequences -- from arbitrary ones procedurally generated by probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFG), to more rich spatial…