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The Probability Ranking Principle states that the document set with the highest values of probability of relevance optimizes information retrieval effectiveness given the probabilities are estimated as accurately as possible. The key point…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-08-31 Massimo Melucci

According to the probability ranking principle, the document set with the highest values of probability of relevance optimizes information retrieval effectiveness given the probabilities are estimated as accurately as possible. The key…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-08-30 Massimo Melucci

Theoretical frameworks like the Probability Ranking Principle and its more recent Interactive Information Retrieval variant have guided the development of ranking and retrieval algorithms for decades, yet they are not capable of helping us…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Marc Sloan , Jun Wang

The Probability Ranking Principle (PRP) has been considered as the foundational standard in the design of information retrieval (IR) systems. The principle requires an IR module's returned list of results to be ranked with respect to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Kai Zheng , Haijun Zhao , Rui Huang , Beichuan Zhang , Na Mou , Yanan Niu , Yang Song , Hongning Wang , Kun Gai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

We consider a game-theoretic model of information retrieval with strategic authors. We examine two different utility schemes: authors who aim at maximizing exposure and authors who want to maximize active selection of their content (i.e.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Omer Ben-Porat , Itay Rosenberg , Moshe Tennenholtz

We study a game-theoretic information retrieval model in which strategic publishers aim to maximize their chances of being ranked first by the search engine while maintaining the integrity of their original documents. We show that the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Omer Madmon , Idan Pipano , Itamar Reinman , Moshe Tennenholtz

Learning to Rank has traditionally considered settings where given the relevance information of objects, the desired order in which to rank the objects is clear. However, with today's large variety of users and layouts this is not always…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Ranking models are the main components of information retrieval systems. Several approaches to ranking are based on traditional machine learning algorithms using a set of hand-crafted features. Recently, researchers have leveraged deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Mohamed Trabelsi , Zhiyu Chen , Brian D. Davison , Jeff Heflin

Due to the extensive use of information technology and the recent developments in multimedia systems, the amount of multimedia data available to users has increased exponentially. Video is an example of multimedia data as it contains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-01-03 Avinash N Bhute , B B Meshram

In this work, we propose a theory for information matching. It is motivated by the observation that retrieval is about the relevance matching between two sets of properties (features), namely, the information need representation and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-06-04 Jagadeesh Gorla , Stephen Robertson , Jun Wang , Tamas Jambor

News editors need to find the photos that best illustrate a news piece and fulfill news-media quality standards, while being pressed to also find the most recent photos of live events. Recently, it became common to use social-media content…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Gonçalo Marcelino , Ricardo Pinto , João Magalhães

Deep neural networks have achieved significant improvements in information retrieval (IR). However, most existing models are computational costly and can not efficiently scale to long documents. This paper proposes a novel End-to-End neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Chen Zheng , Yu Sun , Shengxian Wan , Dianhai Yu

Exploiting information induced from (query-specific) clustering of top-retrieved documents has long been proposed as a means for improving precision at the very top ranks of the returned results. We present a novel language model approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Oren Kurland , Eyal Krikon

Information retrieval systems are crucial for enabling effective access to large document collections. Recent approaches have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance retrieval performance through query augmentation, but often rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengcheng Jiang , Jiacheng Lin , Lang Cao , Runchu Tian , SeongKu Kang , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

We introduce the concept of \emph{expected exposure} as the average attention ranked items receive from users over repeated samples of the same query. Furthermore, we advocate for the adoption of the principle of equal expected exposure:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Fernando Diaz , Bhaskar Mitra , Michael D. Ekstrand , Asia J. Biega , Ben Carterette

Re-ranking plays a crucial role in modern information search systems by refining the ranking of initial search results to better satisfy user information needs. However, existing methods show two notable limitations in improving user search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zihao Guo , Ligang Zhou , Zeyang Tang , Feicheng Li , Ying Nie , Zhiming Peng , Qingyun Sun , Jianxin Li

Attribution and fact verification are critical challenges in natural language processing for assessing information reliability. While automated systems and Large Language Models (LLMs) aim to retrieve and select concise evidence to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Guy Alt , Eran Hirsch , Serwar Basch , Ido Dagan , Oren Glickman

The Probability Ranking Principle (PRP) ranks search results based on their expected utility derived solely from document contents, often overlooking the nuances of presentation and user interaction. However, with the evolution of Search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kanaad Pathak , Leif Azzopardi , Martin Halvey

Modern retrieval systems do not rely on a single ranking model to construct their rankings. Instead, they generally take a cascading approach where a sequence of ranking models are applied in multiple re-ranking stages. Thereby, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Harrie Oosterhuis , Rolf Jagerman , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang
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