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Autoregressive decoding algorithms that use only past information often cannot guarantee the best performance. Recently, people discovered that looking-ahead algorithms such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with external reward models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongming Zhang , Ruixin Hong , Dong Yu

Learning a stable and generalizable centralized value function (CVF) is a crucial but challenging task in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as it has to deal with the issue that the joint action space increases exponentially with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Xinghu Yao , Chao Wen , Yuhui Wang , Xiaoyang Tan

We study the policy evaluation problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning. In this problem, a group of agents works cooperatively to evaluate the value function for the global discounted accumulative reward problem, which is composed of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-04 Thinh T. Doan , Siva Theja Maguluri , Justin Romberg

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms allow artificial agents to improve their selection of actions to increase rewarding experiences in their environments. Temporal Difference (TD) Learning -- a model-free RL method -- is a leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Jacob Rafati , David C. Noelle

From the very dawn of the field, search with value functions was a fundamental concept of computer games research. Turing's chess algorithm from 1950 was able to think two moves ahead, and Shannon's work on chess from $1950$ includes an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Martin Schmid

Following a recent surge in using history-based methods for resolving perceptual aliasing in reinforcement learning, we introduce an algorithm based on the feature reinforcement learning framework called PhiMDP. To create a practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Phuong Nguyen , Peter Sunehag , Marcus Hutter

The recently discovered monad, Tx = Selection (x -> r) -> r, provides an elegant way to finnd optimal strategies in sequential games. During this thesis, a library was developed which provides a set of useful functions using the selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Johannes Hartmann

This paper analyzes multi-step temporal difference (TD)-learning algorithms within the ``deadly triad'' scenario, characterized by linear function approximation, off-policy learning, and bootstrapping. In particular, we prove that $n$-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Tree-form sequential decision making (TFSDM) extends classical one-shot decision making by modeling tree-form interactions between an agent and a potentially adversarial environment. It captures the online decision-making problems that each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Gabriele Farina , Robin Schmucker , Tuomas Sandholm

With the exponential growth of time-domain surveys, the volume of light curves has increased rapidly. However, many survey projects, such as Gaia, still rely on offline batch-processing workflows in which data are calibrated, merged, and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-25 Xinghang Yu , Ce Yu , Zeguang Shao , Bin Yang

In this paper, we study the finite-sample statistical rates of distributional temporal difference (TD) learning with linear function approximation. The aim of distributional TD learning is to estimate the return distribution of a discounted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Yang Peng , Kaicheng Jin , Liangyu Zhang , Zhihua Zhang

The real-time strategy game of StarCraft II has been posed as a challenge for reinforcement learning by Google's DeepMind. This study examines the use of an agent based on the Monte-Carlo Tree Search algorithm for optimizing the build order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Islam Elnabarawy , Kristijana Arroyo , Donald C. Wunsch

Search in test time is often used to improve the performance of reinforcement learning algorithms. Performing theoretically sound search in fully adversarial two-player games with imperfect information is notoriously difficult and requires…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ondrej Kubicek , Neil Burch , Viliam Lisy

Deep learning methods have resulted in significant performance improvements in several application domains and as such several software frameworks have been developed to facilitate their implementation. This paper presents a comparative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-31 Soheil Bahrampour , Naveen Ramakrishnan , Lukas Schott , Mohak Shah

Multi-step agentic retrieval systems based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex information search tasks. However, these systems still face significant challenges in practical applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chuzhan Hao , Wenfeng Feng , Yuewei Zhang , Hao Wang

In decision-making problems with limited training data, policy functions approximated using deep neural networks often exhibit suboptimal performance. An alternative approach involves learning a world model from the limited data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Dixant Mittal , Wee Sun Lee

LLM agents must select tools from large API libraries and order them correctly. Existing methods use semantic similarity for both retrieval and ordering, but ordering depends on inter-tool data dependencies that are absent from tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hao Liu , Dongyu Li

Model-based reinforcement learning algorithms that combine model-based planning and learned value/policy prior have gained significant recognition for their high data efficiency and superior performance in continuous control. However, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Haotian Lin , Pengcheng Wang , Jeff Schneider , Guanya Shi

Temporal-Difference learning (TD) [Sutton, 1988] with function approximation can converge to solutions that are worse than those obtained by Monte-Carlo regression, even in the simple case of on-policy evaluation. To increase our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Hugo Penedones , Damien Vincent , Hartmut Maennel , Sylvain Gelly , Timothy Mann , Andre Barreto

This paper motivates and develops source traces for temporal difference (TD) learning in the tabular setting. Source traces are like eligibility traces, but model potential histories rather than immediate ones. This allows TD errors to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Silviu Pitis
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