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The complexity of quantum computation remains poorly understood. While physicists attempt to find ways to create quantum computers, we still do not have much evidence one way or the other as to how useful these machines will be. The tools…
Bibliometric studies based on the Web of Science (WOS) database have become an increasingly popular method for analysing the structure of scientific research. So do network approaches, which, based on empirical data, make it possible to…
Readability is on the cusp of a revolution. Fixed text is becoming fluid as a proliferation of digital reading devices rewrite what a document can do. As past constraints make way for more flexible opportunities, there is great need to…
This is a short introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity. The interested reader is referred to the text books by Cover & Thomas as well as Li & V\'itanyi, which cover the fields of information theory and Kolmogorov complexity in depth and with…
Complexity is an interdisciplinary concept which, first of all, addresses the question of how order emerges out of randomness. For many reasons matrices provide a very practical and powerful tool in approaching and quantifying the related…
We introduce MCScript2.0, a machine comprehension corpus for the end-to-end evaluation of script knowledge. MCScript2.0 contains approx. 20,000 questions on approx. 3,500 texts, crowdsourced based on a new collection process that results in…
In the 21st century, many of the crucial scientific and technical issues facing humanity can be understood as problems associated with understanding, modelling, and ultimately controlling complex systems: systems comprised of a large number…
Research on writing tools started with the increased availability of computers in the 1970s. After a first phase addressing the needs of programmers and data scientists, research in the late 1980s started to focus on writing-specific needs.…
We use commercially available text analysis technology to process interview text data from a computational social science study. We find that topical clustering and terminological enrichment provide for convenient exploration and…
The authors discuss information-based complexity theory, which is a model of finite-precision computations with real numbers, and its applications to numerical analysis.
This is a tract on the art and practice of mathematical writing. Not only does the book cover basic principles of grammar, syntax, and usage, but it takes into account developments of the last twenty years that have been inspired by the…
Creating linguistic annotations requires more than just a reliable annotation scheme. Annotation can be a complex endeavour potentially involving many people, stages, and tools. This chapter outlines the process of creating end-to-end…
Review articles are a means to structure state-of-the-art literature and to organize the growing number of scholarly publications. However, review articles are suffering from numerous limitations, weakening the impact the articles could…
Designing keyword-based access paths is a common practice in digital libraries. They are easy to use and accepted by users and come with moderate costs for content providers. However, users usually have to break down the search into pieces…
The search process of scientific articles (papers) and review articles (reviews) is one of the pillars of the scientific world, and is performed by people in the research as well as for people who want to keep abreast specific topics.…
One of the most pressing issues that have arisen due to the rapid growth of the Internet is known as information overloading. Simplifying the relevant information in the form of a summary will assist many people because the material on any…
The reproducibility of scientific articles is central to the advancement of science. Despite this importance, evaluating reproducibility remains challenging due to the scarcity of ground truth data. Predictive models can address this…
The main contribution of this work is to relate information complexity to "tension" [Prabhakaran and Prabhakaran, 2014] - an information-theoretic quantity defined with no reference to protocols - and to illustrate that it allows deriving…
This book introduces to the theory of probabilities from the beginning. Assuming that the reader possesses the normal mathematical level acquired at the end of the secondary school, we aim to equip him with a solid basis in probability…
Distant reading methodologies make use of computational processes to aid in the analysis of large text corpora which might not be pliable to traditional methods of scholarly analysis due to their volume. While these methods have been…