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Related papers: A Winnow-Based Approach to Context-Sensitive Spell…

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Modern machine learning models typically represent inputs as fixed points in a high-dimensional embedding space. While this approach has been proven powerful for a wide range of downstream tasks, it fundamentally differs from the way humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Frieda Born , Tom Neuhäuser , Lukas Muttenthaler , Brett D. Roads , Bernhard Spitzer , Andrew K. Lampinen , Matt Jones , Klaus-Robert Müller , Michael C. Mozer

Text-based speech editors expedite the process of editing speech recordings by permitting editing via intuitive cut, copy, and paste operations on a speech transcript. A major drawback of current systems, however, is that edited recordings…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-17 Max Morrison , Lucas Rencker , Zeyu Jin , Nicholas J. Bryan , Juan-Pablo Caceres , Bryan Pardo

In this study, we present an innovative technique for speaker adaptation in order to improve the accuracy of segmentation with application to unit-selection Text-To-Speech (TTS) systems. Unlike conventional techniques for speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Claudio Zito , Fabio Tesser , Mauro Nicolao , Piero Cosi

Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) was proposed as an AI-hard problem in testing computers' intelligence on common sense representation and reasoning. This paper presents the new state-of-theart on WSC, achieving an accuracy of 71.1%. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Yu-Ping Ruan , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Zhan Shi , Quan Liu , Si Wei

Statistical language models (LM) play a key role in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems used by conversational agents. These ASR systems should provide a high accuracy under a variety of speaking styles, domains, vocabulary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Anirudh Raju , Behnam Hedayatnia , Linda Liu , Ankur Gandhe , Chandra Khatri , Angeliki Metallinou , Anu Venkatesh , Ariya Rastrow

In-context learning enables language models (LM) to adapt to downstream data or tasks by incorporating few samples as demonstrations within the prompts. It offers strong performance without the expense of fine-tuning. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

In this paper, we explore the artificial generation of typographical errors based on real-world statistics. We first draw on a small set of annotated data to compute spelling error statistics. These are then invoked to introduce errors into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Kshitij Shah , Gerard de Melo

Self-attention mechanisms model long-range context by using pairwise attention between all input tokens. In doing so, they assume a fixed attention granularity defined by the individual tokens (e.g., text characters or image pixels), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Chen Huang , Walter Talbott , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind

The task of Spell Correction(SC) in low-resource languages presents a significant challenge due to the availability of only a limited corpus of data and no annotated spelling correction datasets. To tackle these challenges a small-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nishant Luitel , Nirajan Bekoju , Anand Kumar Sah , Subarna Shakya

Example weighting algorithm is an effective solution to the training bias problem, however, most previous typical methods are usually limited to human knowledge and require laborious tuning of hyperparameters. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Zhenmao Li , Yichao Wu , Ken Chen , Yudong Wu , Shunfeng Zhou , Jiaheng Liu , Junjie Yan

Attention-based contextual biasing approaches have shown significant improvements in the recognition of generic and/or personal rare-words in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (E2E ASR) systems like neural transducers. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xuandi Fu , Kanthashree Mysore Sathyendra , Ankur Gandhe , Jing Liu , Grant P. Strimel , Ross McGowan , Athanasios Mouchtaris

In-context learning is the paradigm that adapts large language models to downstream tasks by providing a few examples. Few-shot selection -- selecting appropriate examples for each test instance separately -- is important for in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shengnan An , Bo Zhou , Zeqi Lin , Qiang Fu , Bei Chen , Nanning Zheng , Weizhu Chen , Jian-Guang Lou

Masked Language Modeling (MLM) is widely used to pretrain language models. The standard random masking strategy in MLM causes the pre-trained language models (PLMs) to be biased toward high-frequency tokens. Representation learning of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Linhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Chong Deng , Xin Cao , Kongzhang Hao , Yuxin Jiang , Wei Wang

Large language models are able to learn new tasks in context, where they are provided with instructions and a few annotated examples. However, the effectiveness of in-context learning is dependent on the provided context, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Afra Amini , Massimiliano Ciaramita

Rare word recognition can be improved by adapting ASR models to synthetic data that includes these words. Further improvements can be achieved through contextual biasing, which trains and adds a biasing module into the model architecture to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chin Yuen Kwok , Jia Qi Yip , Eng Siong Chng

Automatic transcriptions of consumer-generated multi-media content such as "Youtube" videos still exhibit high word error rates. Such data typically occupies a very broad domain, has been recorded in challenging conditions, with cheap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Abhinav Gupta , Yajie Miao , Leonardo Neves , Florian Metze

At the core of self-supervised learning for vision is the idea of learning invariant or equivariant representations with respect to a set of data transformations. This approach, however, introduces strong inductive biases, which can render…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Sharut Gupta , Chenyu Wang , Yifei Wang , Tommi Jaakkola , Stefanie Jegelka

Motivated by the need for rigorous and scalable evaluation of large language models, we study contextual preference inference for pairwise comparison functionals of context-dependent preference score functions across domains. Focusing on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-09 Yichi Zhang , Alexander Belloni , Ethan X. Fang , Junwei Lu , Xiaoan Xu

This paper investigates the in-context learning abilities of the Whisper automatic speech recognition (ASR) models released by OpenAI. A novel speech-based in-context learning (SICL) approach is proposed for test-time adaptation, which can…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-21 Siyin Wang , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Ji Wu , Chao Zhang

Classification and probability estimation are fundamental tasks with broad applications across modern machine learning and data science, spanning fields such as biology, medicine, engineering, and computer science. Recent development of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-25 Liyun Zeng , Hao Helen Zhang