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Related papers: Algorithmic Information Theory: a brief non-techni…

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The concept of information has emerged as a language in its own right, bridging several disciplines that analyze natural phenomena and man-made systems. Integrated information has been introduced as a metric to quantify the amount of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-10 Alberto Hernández-Espinosa , Héctor Zenil , Narsis A. Kiani , Jesper Tegnér

The concept of "task" is at the core of artificial intelligence (AI): Tasks are used for training and evaluating AI systems, which are built in order to perform and automatize tasks we deem useful. In other fields of engineering theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Kristinn R. Thórisson , Jordi Bieger , Thröstur Thorarensen , Jóna S. Sigurðardóttir , Bas R. Steunebrink

Information theory is a mathematical theory of learning with deep connections with topics as diverse as artificial intelligence, statistical physics, and biological evolution. Many primers on information theory paint a broad picture with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Philip Chodrow

Information flow framed in a computational and complexity context is relevant to the understanding of cognitive processes and awareness. In this paper, we begin with analyzing an information theory framework developed in recent years under…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-02-28 Vahid R. Ramezani

This article is a brief personal account of the past, present, and future of algorithmic randomness, emphasizing its role in inductive inference and artificial intelligence. It is written for a general audience interested in science and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Marcus Hutter

According to our current conception of physics, any valid physical theory is supposed to describe the objective evolution of a unique external world. However, this condition is challenged by quantum theory, which suggests that physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-21 Markus P. Mueller

It may happen that for a certain abductive problem there are several possible explanations, not all of them mutually compatible. What explanation is selected and which criteria are used to select it? This is the well-known problem of the…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-02-15 Fernando Soler-Toscano

Information theory is concerned with the study of transmission, processing, extraction, and utilization of information. In its most abstract form, information is conceived as a means of resolving uncertainty. Shannon and Weaver (1949) were…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Birgitta Dresp-Langley

This article is a short review on the concept of information. We show the strong relation between Information Theory and Physics, and the differences between classical and quantum information, with emphasis in their manipulation through…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 F. L. Marquezino , R. R. Mello Junior

This paper explores the intersection of identity, individuality, and reality through competing frameworks, including classical metaphysics, quantum mechanics, and computational theories. Traditional metaphysical notions of fixed identity…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Krzysztof Sienicki

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) represents an enormous endeavour of humankind that is currently transforming our societies down to their very foundations. Its task, building truly intelligent systems, is underpinned by a vast…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Alexander Serb , Themistoklis Prodromakis

When a variety of anomalous features motivate flagging different samples as outliers, Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT) offers a principled way to unify them in terms of a sample's randomness deficiency. Subject to the algorithmic Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aram Ebtekar , Yuhao Wang , Dominik Janzing

The advent of artificial intelligence has changed many disciplines such as engineering, social science and economics. Artificial intelligence is a computational technique which is inspired by natural intelligence such as the swarming of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Tshilidzi Marwala , Evan Hurwitz

This article is a short review on the concept of information. We show the strong relation between Information Theory and Physics, beginning by the concept of bit and its representation with classical physical systems, and then going to the…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 F. L. Marquezino , R. R. Mello Junior

In machine learning or scientific computing, model performance is measured with an objective function. But why choose one objective over another? Information theory gives one answer: To maximize the information in the model, select the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Timothy O. Hodson , Thomas M. Over , Tyler J. Smith , Lucy M. Marshall

Artificial Intelligence principles define social and ethical considerations to develop future AI. They come from research institutes, government organizations and industries. All versions of AI principles are with different considerations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Yi Zeng , Enmeng Lu , Cunqing Huangfu

We present an information-theoretic framework for understanding overfitting and underfitting in machine learning and prove the formal undecidability of determining whether an arbitrary classification algorithm will overfit a dataset.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Daniel Bashir , George D. Montanez , Sonia Sehra , Pedro Sandoval Segura , Julius Lauw

Algorithmic information theory studies description complexity and randomness and is now a well known field of theoretical computer science and mathematical logic. There are several textbooks and monographs devoted to this theory where one…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Alexander Shen

A didactical survey of the foundations of Algorithmic Information Theory. These notes are short on motivation, history and background but introduce some of the main techniques and concepts of the field. The "manuscript" has been evolving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Peter Gacs

Algorithmic fairness has been framed as a newly emerging technology that mitigates systemic discrimination in automated decision-making, providing opportunities to improve fairness in information systems (IS). However, based on a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Mateusz Dolata , Stefan Feuerriegel , Gerhard Schwabe