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Given a set $S$ of $n$ keys, a perfect hash function for $S$ maps the keys in $S$ to the first $m \geq n$ integers without collisions. It may return an arbitrary result for any key not in $S$ and is called minimal if $m = n$. The most…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Thomas Mueller , Rasmus Pagh , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Peter Sanders , Sebastiano Vigna , Stefan Walzer

Given a set $S$ of $n$ distinct keys, a function $f$ that bijectively maps the keys of $S$ into the range $\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ is called a minimal perfect hash function for $S$. Algorithms that find such functions when $n$ is large and retain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Roberto Trani

In the problem of minimal perfect hashing, we are given a size $k$ subset $\mathcal{A}$ of a universe of keys $[n] = \{1,2, \cdots, n\}$, for which we wish to construct a hash function $h: [n] \to [k]$ such that $h(\cdot)$ maps…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ryan Song , Emre Telatar

Minimal perfect hash functions provide space-efficient and collision-free hashing on static sets. Existing algorithms and implementations that build such functions have practical limitations on the number of input elements they can process,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Antoine Limasset , Guillaume Rizk , Rayan Chikhi , Pierre Peterlongo

A minimal perfect hash function bijectively maps a key set $S$ out of a universe $U$ into the first $|S|$ natural numbers. Minimal perfect hash functions are used, for example, to map irregularly-shaped keys, such as string, in a compact…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Emmanuel Esposito , Thomas Mueller Graf , Sebastiano Vigna

A function $f : U \to \{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ is a minimal perfect hash function for a set $S \subseteq U$ of size $n$, if $f$ bijectively maps $S$ into the first $n$ natural numbers. These functions are important for many practical applications…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Roberto Trani

Recent advances in random linear systems on finite fields have paved the way for the construction of constant-time data structures representing static functions and minimal perfect hash functions using less space with respect to existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Marco Genuzio , Giuseppe Ottaviano , Sebastiano Vigna

Minimal perfect hash functions (MPHFs) are used to provide efficient access to values of large dictionaries (sets of key-value pairs). Discovering new algorithms for building MPHFs is an area of active research, especially from the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Sean Weaver , Marijn Heule

Given a set S of n keys, a k-perfect hash function (kPHF) is a data structure that maps the keys to the first m integers, where each output integer can be hit by at most k input keys. When m=n/k, the resulting function is called a minimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Stefan Hermann , Sebastian Kirmayer , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

Given a set $K$ of $n$ keys, a minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) is a collision-free bijective map $\mathsf{H_{mphf}}$ from $K$ to $\{0, \dots, n-1\}$. This work presents a (minimal) perfect hash function that first prioritizes query…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ragnar Groot Koerkamp

Consistent Hashing functions are widely used for load balancing across a variety of applications. However, the original presentation and typical implementations of Consistent Hashing rely on randomised allocation of hash codes to keys which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Matthew Sackman

Perfect hash functions give unique "names" to arbitrary keys requiring only a few bits per key. This is an essential building block in applications like static hash tables, databases, or bioinformatics. This paper introduces the PHast…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Piotr Beling , Peter Sanders

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set S of n keys to the first n integers without collisions. There is a lower bound of n*log(e)=1.44n bits needed to represent an MPHF. This can be reached by a brute-force algorithm that tries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

The problem of fast items retrieval from a fixed collection is often encountered in most computer science areas, from operating system components to databases and user interfaces. We present an approach based on hash tables that focuses on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Dan Domnita , Ciprian Oprisa

Hash tables are ubiquitous, and the choice of hash function, which maps a key to a bucket, is key to their performance. We argue that the predominant approach of fixing the hash function for the lifetime of the hash table is suboptimal and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Gábor Melis

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set of n keys to unique positions {1, ..., n}. Representing an MPHF requires at least 1.44 bits per key. ShockHash is a technique to construct an MPHF and requires just slightly more space. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Stefan Hermann

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set $S$ of $n$ keys to the first $n$ integers without collisions. There is a lower bound of $n\log_2e-O(\log n)$ bits of space needed to represent an MPHF. A matching upper bound is obtained…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

Hashing has been widely used for efficient similarity search based on its query and storage efficiency. To obtain better precision, most studies focus on designing different objective functions with different constraints or penalty terms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Xingbo Liu , Xiushan Nie , Yilong Yin

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) bijectively maps a set S of objects to the first |S| integers. It can be used as a building block in databases and data compression. RecSplit [Esposito et al., ALENEX'20] is currently the most space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dominik Bez , Florian Kurpicz , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders

A Monotone Minimal Perfect Hash Function (MMPHF) constructed on a set S of keys is a function that maps each key in S to its rank. On keys not in S, the function returns an arbitrary value. Applications range from databases, search engines,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Paolo Ferragina , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Giorgio Vinciguerra
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