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TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem), a classic NP-complete problem in combinatorial optimization, is of great significance in multiple fields. Exact algorithms for TSP are not practical due to their exponential time cost. Thus, approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yang Li , Junbin Gao , Mingyuan Bai , Chengjun Li , Gang Liu

The multi-path Traveling Salesman Problem with stochastic travel costs arises in hybrid vehicle routing applications designed for Smart City and City Logistics, where multiple paths exist between each pair of locations. Travel times along…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Xiaochen Chou , Ludovica Di Marco , Enza Messina

We address a fundamental challenge in space mission design and space logistics: planning interplanetary trajectories for missions that must rendezvous with multiple bodies. Such mission occur, for instance, in active debris removal,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Max Bannach , Giacomo Acciarini , Dario Izzo

This paper proposes an algorithmic method to heuristically solve the famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) when the salesman's path evolves in continuous state space and discrete time but with otherwise arbitrary (nonlinear) dynamics.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Alexander Weber , Alexander Knoll

We propose that the statistics of the optimal tour in the planar random Euclidean traveling salesman problem is conformally invariant on large scales. This is exhibited in power-law behavior of the probabilities for the tour to zigzag…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. L. Jacobsen , N. Read , H. Saleur

Answering a question of Haugland, we show that the pooling problem with one pool and a bounded number of inputs can be solved in polynomial time by solving a polynomial number of linear programs of polynomial size. We also give an overview…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-09 Natashia Boland , Thomas Kalinowski , Fabian Rigterink

We present novel path-slicing strategies integrated with quantum local search to optimize solutions for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), addressing the limitations of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technologies. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Chen-Yu Liu , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-hao Huang , Yu Yamashiro

The traveling salesman (or salesperson) problem, short TSP, is a problem of strong interest to many researchers from mathematics, economics, and computer science. Manifold TSP variants occur in nearly every scientific field and application…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Sophia Saller , Jana Koehler , Andreas Karrenbauer

For a given polygonal region $P$, the Lawn Mowing Problem (LMP) asks for a shortest tour $T$ that gets within Euclidean distance 1/2 of every point in $P$; this is equivalent to computing a shortest tour for a unit-diameter cutter $C$ that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sándor P. Fekete , Dominik Krupke , Michael Perk , Christian Rieck , Christian Scheffer

The aim of the paper is to compare different approximation algorithms for the travelling salesperson problem. We pick the most popular and widespread methods known in the literature and contrast them with a novel approach (the polygonal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Mateusz Krukowski , Filip Turoboś

Quantum computing holds great promise to solve to problems where classical computers cannot reach. To the point where it already arouses the interest of both scientific and industrial communities. Thus, it is expected that hybrid systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Javier Rojo , David Valencia , Javier Berrocal , Enrique Moguel , Jose Garcia-Alonso , Juan Manuel Murillo Rodriguez

I study the class of problems efficiently solvable by a quantum computer, given the ability to "postselect" on the outcomes of measurements. I prove that this class coincides with a classical complexity class called PP, or Probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

We show that the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and its many variants may be modeled as functional optimization problems over a graph. In this formulation, all vertices and arcs of the graph are functionals; i.e., a mapping from a space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-08 I. M. Ross , R. J. Proulx , M. Karpenko

Meta-heuristics are frequently used to tackle NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. With this paper we contribute to the understanding of the success of 2-opt based local search algorithms for solving the traveling salesman problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-14 Olaf Mersmann , Bernd Bischl , Heike Trautmann , Markus Wagner , Frank Neumann

We define a new notion of compressibility of a set of numbers through the dynamics of a polynomial function. We provide approaches to solve the problem by reducing it to the multi-criteria traveling salesman problem through a series of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-02-05 Karthik S. Gurumoorthy

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with wide-ranging applications in logistics, routing, and intelligent systems. Due to its factorial complexity, solving large-scale instances…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rabab Alkhalifa , Fatima Alkhomayes , Boushra Almazroua , Dana Alhaidan , Maryam Alothman , Jumana Almuhaidib

The author would like to propose a simple but yet effective method, convex layers, nearest neighbor and triangle inequality, to approach the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). No computer is needed in this method. This method is designed for…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Sing Liew

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard problem and has broad applications in many disciplines and industries. In a large scale location-based services system, users issue TSP queries concurrently, where a TSP query is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Kangfei Zhao , Shengcai Liu , Yu Rong , Jeffrey Xu Yu

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. Several semidefinite programming relaxations have been proposed recently that exploit a variety of mathematical structures including, e.g.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Samuel C. Gutekunst , David P. Williamson

The Travelling Salesman Problem - TSP is one of the most explored problems in the scientific literature to solve real problems regarding the economy, transportation, and logistics, to cite a few cases. Adapting TSP to solve different…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Carlos Alberto da Silva Junior , Roberto Yuji Tanaka , Luiz Carlos Farias da Silva , Angelo Passaro