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Constant-factor, polynomial-time approximation algorithms are presented for two variations of the traveling salesman problem with time windows. In the first variation, the traveling repairman problem, the goal is to find a tour that visits…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-28 Greg N. Frederickson , Barry Wittman

The Traveling Salesman Problem (often called TSP) is a classic algorithmic problem in the field of computer science and operations research. It is an NP-Hard problem focused on optimization. TSP has several applications even in its purest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Amey Gohil , Manan Tayal , Tezan Sahu , Vyankatesh Sawalpurkar

We develop an asymptotic approximation and bounds for the traveling salesman problem with time slots, i.e. when the time windows of points to visit are a partition of a given time horizon. Although this problem is relevant in several…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Omar Rifki , Thierry Garaix

Using an approach that seems to be patterned after that of Yannakakis, Hofman argues that an NP-complete problem cannot be formulated as a polynomial bounded-sized linear programming problem. He then goes on to propose a "construct" that he…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Moustapha Diaby

This article presents counter examples for three articles claiming that P=NP. Articles for which it applies are: Moustapha Diaby "P = NP: Linear programming formulation of the traveling salesman problem" and "Equality of complexity classes…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Radoslaw Hofman

For some weighted $NP$-complete problems, checking whether a proposed solution is optimal is a non-trivial task. Such is the case for the celebrated traveling salesman problem, or the spin-glass problem in 3 dimensions. In this letter, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Henri Orland , Michel Bauer

Theory of computer calculations strongly depends on the nature of elements the computer is made of. Quantum interference allows to formulate the Shor factorization algorithm turned out to be more effective than any one written for classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-23 B. F. Kostenko , J. Pribish , M. Z. Yuriev

The Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem (STSP) is a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that is particularly suitable when dealing with sparse networks, such as road networks. The standard integer programming formulation of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Adam N. Letchford , Saeideh D. Nasiri , Dirk Oliver Theis

We show how an evolutionary algorithm can successfully be used to evolve a set of difficult to solve symmetric travelling salesman problem instances for two variants of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm. Then we analyse the instances in those…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. I. van Hemert

Let $P$ be a set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and let $\alpha \ge 1$ be a real number. We define the distance between two points $p,q\in P$ as $|pq|^{\alpha}$, where $|pq|$ denotes the standard Euclidean distance between $p$ and $q$. We…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-02-03 Mark de Berg , Fred van Nijnatten , René Sitters , Gerhard J. Woeginger , Alexander Wolff

This paper is devoted to the complexity of the Boolean satisfiability problem. We consider a version of this problem, where the Boolean formula is specified in the conjunctive normal form. We prove an unexpected result that the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Grigoriy V. Bokov

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a classical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that has been extensively studied in operations research. A major challenge in Traveling Salesman Problem formulations is the large number of subtour…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

We give a 7/9 - Approximation Algorithm for the Maximum Traveling Salesman Problem.

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Katarzyna Paluch , Marcin Mucha , Aleksander Madry

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimization problems due both to its range of real-world applications and its computational complexity. When combined with the Set Covering Problem, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Yuwen Yang , Jayant Rajgopal

In this work, we consider extensions of both the Line Traveling Salesman and Line Traveling Repairman Problem, in which a single server must service a set of clients located along a line segment under the assumption that not only the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Julian Golak , Finn Sörensen , Malte Fliedner

We present an algorithm for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem on instances which satisfy the triangle inequality. Like several existing algorithms, it achieves approximation ratio O(log n). Unlike previous algorithms, it uses…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-07 Michel X. Goemans , Nicholas J. A. Harvey , Kamal Jain , Mohit Singh

In the bipartite travelling salesman problem (BTSP), we are given $n=2k$ cities along with an $n\times n$ distance matrix and a partition of the cities into $k$ red and $k$ blue cities. The task is to find a shortest tour which alternately…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Vladimir G. Deineko , Bettina Klinz , Gerhard J. Woeginger

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a popular NP-hard-combinatorial optimization problem that requires finding the optimal way for a salesman to travel through different cities once and return to the initial city. The existing methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Kapil Goswami , Gagan Anekonda Veereshi , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms can help mitigating the physical limitations of current quantum devices, particularly the low qubit count and the reduced topological connectivity. In this paper, we propose a hybrid technique to solve a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Siwei Hu , Victor Lopata , Salvatore Sinno , Shruthi Thuravakkath , Paolo Zuliani

Starting with M(a), an n X n asymmetric cost matrix, Jonker and Volgenannt transformed it into a 2n X 2n symmetric cost matrix, M(s)where M(s) has unusual properties. One such property is that an optimal tour in M(s) yields an optimal tour…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Howard Kleiman