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We extend the capabilities of neural networks by coupling them to external memory resources, which they can interact with by attentional processes. The combined system is analogous to a Turing Machine or Von Neumann architecture but is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Alex Graves , Greg Wayne , Ivo Danihelka

Due to the limitation on computational power of existing computers, the polynomial time does not works for identifying the tractable problems in big data computing. This paper adopts the sublinear time as the new tractable standard to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Xiangyu Gao , Jianzhong Li , Dongjing Miao , Xianmin Liu

In this monograph, we study complexity classes that are defined using $O(\log n)$-space bounded non-deterministic Turing machines. We prove salient results of Computational Complexity in this topic such as the Immerman-Szelepcsenyi Theorem,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-17 T. C. Vijayaraghavan

We define a class of stochastic processes based on evolutions and measurements of quantum systems, and consider the complexity of predicting their long-term behavior. It is shown that a very general class of decision problems regarding…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 John Watrous

As an example of the concept of rulial space, we explore the case of simple Turing machines. We construct the rulial multiway graph which represents the behavior of all possible Turing machines with a certain class of rules. This graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Stephen Wolfram

Neural Turing Machines (NTM) contain memory component that simulates "working memory" in the brain to store and retrieve information to ease simple algorithms learning. So far, only linearly organized memory is proposed, and during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Wei Zhang , Yang Yu , Bowen Zhou

In this thesis, we introduce a new quantum Turing machine (QTM) model that supports general quantum operators, together with its pushdown, counter, and finite automaton variants, and examine the computational power of classical and quantum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-02-03 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

We study the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems involving global constraints, i.e., special-purpose constraints provided by a solver and represented implicitly by a parametrised algorithm. Such constraints are widely used;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-11 David A. Cohen , Peter G. Jeavons , Evgenij Thorstensen , Stanislav Živný

Reversible computing can reduce the energy dissipation of computation, which can improve cost-efficiency in some contexts. But the practical applicability of this method depends sensitively on the space and time overhead required by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Michael P. Frank , M. Josephine Ammer

A theory of one-tape (one-head) linear-time Turing machines is essentially different from its polynomial-time counterpart since these machines are closely related to finite state automata. This paper discusses structural-complexity issues…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-07-20 Kohtaro Tadaki , Tomoyuki Yamakami , Jack C. H. Lin

Multiple extensions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been proposed recently to address the difficulty of storing information over long time periods. In this paper, we experiment with the capacity of Neural Turing Machines (NTMs) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Tristan Deleu , Joseph Dureau

The Recurrent Neural Networks and their variants have shown promising performances in sequence modeling tasks such as Natural Language Processing. These models, however, turn out to be impractical and difficult to train when exposed to very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Yinchong Yang , Denis Krompass , Volker Tresp

We examine the minimum amount of memory for real-time, as opposed to one-way, computation accepting nonregular languages. We consider deterministic, nondeterministic and alternating machines working within strong, middle and weak space, and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz , A. C. Cem Say

We consider a stack sorting algorithm where only the appropriate output values are popped from the stack and then any remaining entries in the stack are run through the stack in reverse order. We identify the basis for the $2$-reverse pass…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Toufik Mansour , Howard Skogman , Rebecca Smith

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) with recurrence and self-attention have been shown to be Turing-complete (TC). However, existing work has shown that these ANNs require multiple turns or unbounded computation time, even with unbounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Ankur Mali , Alexander Ororbia , Daniel Kifer , Lee Giles

For a given stable recurrent neural network (RNN) that is trained to perform a classification task using sequential inputs, we quantify explicit robustness bounds as a function of trainable weight matrices. The sequential inputs can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Guangyi Liu , Arash Amini , Martin Takac , Nader Motee

In this work, we study the relative hardness of fundamental problems with state-of-the-art word RAM algorithms that take $O(n\sqrt{\log n})$ time for instances described in $\Theta(n)$ machine words ($\Theta(n\log n)$ bits). This complexity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

Recurrent neural networks are used to forecast time series in finance, climate, language, and from many other domains. Reservoir computers are a particularly easily trainable form of recurrent neural network. Recently, a "next-generation"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Sarah E. Marzen , Paul M. Riechers , James P. Crutchfield

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio