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A new watermarking algorithm is given, it is based on the so-called chaotic iterations and on the choice of some coefficients which are deduced from the description of the carrier medium. After defining these coefficients, chaotic discrete…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-10-28 Jacques M. Bahi , Christophe Guyeux

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to applications such as question answering and content creation, reliable content attribution has become increasingly important. Watermarking is a promising approach, but most existing methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ya Jiang , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Surender Suresh Kumar , Kai Zeng

Watermarking is an important tool for promoting the responsible use of large language models (LLMs). Existing watermarks insert a signal into generated tokens that either flags LLM-generated text (zero-bit watermarking) or encodes more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Atefeh Gilani , Sajani Vithana , Carol Xuan Long , Oliver Kosut , Lalitha Sankar , Flavio P. Calmon

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

Digital image watermarking has been widely used in different applications such as copyright protection of digital media, such as audio, image, and video files. Two opposing criteria of robustness and transparency are the goals of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Mahnoosh Bagheri , Majid Mohrekesh , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Watermarking has emerged as a promising way to detect LLM-generated text, by augmenting LLM generations with later detectable signals. Recent work has proposed multiple families of watermarking schemes, several of which focus on preserving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Thibaud Gloaguen , Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

As generative models enable rapid creation of high-fidelity images, societal concerns about misinformation and authenticity have intensified. A promising remedy is multi-bit image watermarking, which embeds a multi-bit message into an image…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 An Luo , Jie Ding

While text-to-image models offer numerous benefits, they also pose significant societal risks. Detecting AI-generated images is crucial for mitigating these risks. Detection methods can be broadly categorized into passive and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Zeyu Li , Amir Sadovnik , Arka Daw , Neil Gong

This paper investigates a secure blind watermarking scheme. The main idea of the scheme not only protects the watermark information but also the embedding positions. To achieve a higher level of security, we propose a sub key generation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Lei Chen , Shihong Wang

Digital water marking is one of the essential fields in image security and copyright protection. The proposed technique in this paper was based on the principle of protecting images by hide an invisible watermark in the image. The technique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-07-05 Firas A. Jassim

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution to counter harmful or deceptive AI-generated content by embedding hidden identifiers that trace content origins. However, the robustness of current watermarking techniques is still largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xiaodong Wu , Tianyi Tang , Xiangman Li , Jianbing Ni , Yong Yu

Securing the Internet of Things (IoT) is a necessary milestone toward expediting the deployment of its applications and services. In particular, the functionality of the IoT devices is extremely dependent on the reliability of their message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Aidin Ferdowsi , Walid Saad

The advancement of secure communication and identity verification fields has significantly increased through the use of deep learning techniques for data hiding. By embedding information into a noise-tolerant signal such as audio, video, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Zihan Wang , Olivia Byrnes , Hu Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Congbo Ma , Huaming Chen , Qi Wu , Minhui Xue

As artificial intelligence surpasses human capabilities in text generation, the necessity to authenticate the origins of AI-generated content has become paramount. Unbiased watermarks offer a powerful solution by embedding statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Watermarking techniques are vital for protecting intellectual property and preventing fraudulent use of media. Most previous watermarking schemes designed for diffusion models embed a secret key in the initial noise. The resulting pattern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Anubhav Jain , Yuya Kobayashi , Naoki Murata , Yuhta Takida , Takashi Shibuya , Yuki Mitsufuji , Niv Cohen , Nasir Memon , Julian Togelius

Copyright protection and authentication of digital contents has become a significant issue in the current digital epoch with efficient communication mediums such as internet. Plain text is the rampantly used medium used over the internet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-03-10 Zunera Jalil , Anwar M. Mirza , Maria Sabir

In this work we propose a novel technique to quantify how distracting watermarks are on an image. We begin with watermark detection using a two-tower CNN model composed of a binary classification task and a semantic segmentation prediction.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Aurelia Guy , Sema Berkiten

Video watermarking is extensively used in many media-oriented applications for embedding watermarks, i.e. hidden digital data, in a video sequence to protect the video from illegal copying and to identify manipulations made in the video. In…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Poorna Banerjee Dasgupta

The rapid growth of transformer-based models increases the concerns about their integrity and ownership insurance. Watermarking addresses this issue by embedding a unique identifier into the model, while preserving its performance. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Pierre Fernandez , Guillaume Couairon , Teddy Furon , Matthijs Douze