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A robot's ability to understand or ground natural language instructions is fundamentally tied to its knowledge about the surrounding world. We present an approach to grounding natural language utterances in the context of factual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Rohan Paul , Andrei Barbu , Sue Felshin , Boris Katz , Nicholas Roy

Spatial reasoning based on natural language expressions is essential for everyday human tasks. This reasoning ability is also crucial for machines to interact with their environment in a human-like manner. However, recent research shows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tanawan Premsri , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Recent advances in data-driven models for grounded language understanding have enabled robots to interpret increasingly complex instructions. Two fundamental limitations of these methods are that most require a full model of the environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Siddharth Patki , Ethan Fahnestock , Thomas M. Howard , Matthew R. Walter

The fusion of Large Language Models (LLMs) and robotic systems has led to a transformative paradigm in the robotic field, offering unparalleled capabilities not only in the communication domain but also in skills like multimodal input…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Sara Incao , Carlo Mazzola , Giulia Belgiovine , Alessandra Sciutti

Our ability to build autonomous agents that leverage Generative AI continues to increase by the day. As builders and users of such agents it is unclear what parameters we need to align on before the agents start performing tasks on our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Nitesh Goyal , Minsuk Chang , Michael Terry

Object rearrangement has recently emerged as a key competency in robot manipulation, with practical solutions generally involving object detection, recognition, grasping and high-level planning. Goal-images describing a desired scene…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Walter Goodwin , Sagar Vaze , Ioannis Havoutis , Ingmar Posner

Spatial reasoning is an essential problem in embodied AI research. Efforts to enhance spatial reasoning abilities through supplementary spatial data and fine-tuning have proven limited and ineffective when addressing complex embodied tasks,…

The development of embodied agents that can communicate with humans in natural language has gained increasing interest over the last years, as it facilitates the diffusion of robotic platforms in human-populated environments. As a step…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Roberto Bigazzi , Marcella Cornia , Silvia Cascianelli , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

This paper provides a roadmap that explores the question of how to imbue learning agents with the ability to understand and generate contextually relevant natural language in service of achieving a goal. We hypothesize that two key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Mark O. Riedl

Recent studies show that deep vision-only and language-only models--trained on disjoint modalities--nonetheless project their inputs into a partially aligned representational space. Yet we still lack a clear picture of where in each network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zoe Wanying He , Sean Trott , Meenakshi Khosla

Understanding visual scenes requires not only recognizing objects but also reasoning about their spatial relationships. Unlike general vision-language tasks, spatial reasoning requires integrating multiple inductive biases, such as 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chan Yeong Hwang , Miso Choi , Sunghyun On , Jinkyu Kim , Jungbeom Lee

Being able to carry out complicated vision language reasoning tasks in 3D space represents a significant milestone in developing household robots and human-centered embodied AI. In this work, we demonstrate that a critical and distinct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yunze Man , Liang-Yan Gui , Yu-Xiong Wang

Knowledge about space and time is necessary to solve problems in the physical world: An AI agent situated in the physical world and interacting with objects often needs to reason about positions of and relations between objects; and as soon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Jae Hee Lee , Michael Sioutis , Kyra Ahrens , Marjan Alirezaie , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter

Embodied intelligence fundamentally requires a capability to determine where to act in 3D space. We formalize this requirement as embodied localization -- the problem of predicting executable 3D points conditioned on visual observations and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiming Zhu , Zhirui Fang , Tianming Zhang , Chuanxiu Liu , Xiaoke Jiang , Lei Zhang

Language is highly structured, with syntactic and semantic structures, to some extent, agreed upon by speakers of the same language. With implicit or explicit awareness of such structures, humans can learn and use language efficiently and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Freda Shi

AI alignment is about ensuring AI systems only pursue goals and activities that are beneficial to humans. Most of the current approach to AI alignment is to learn what humans value from their behavioural data. This paper proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Pei-Yu Chen , Myrthe L. Tielman , Dirk K. J. Heylen , Catholijn M. Jonker , M. Birna van Riemsdijk

Spatial Reasoning is an important component of human cognition and is an area in which the latest Vision-language models (VLMs) show signs of difficulty. The current analysis works use image captioning tasks and visual question answering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Akshar Tumu , Varad Shinde , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Task planning is an important component of traditional robotics systems enabling robots to compose fine grained skills to perform more complex tasks. Recent work building systems for translating natural language to executable actions for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mert İnan , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Spandana Gella , Patrick Lange , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

As AI systems become embedded in everyday practice, value misalignment has emerged as a pressing concern. Yet, dominant alignment approaches remain model centric, treating users as passive recipients of prespecified values rather than as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Anne Arzberger , Enrico Liscio , Maria Luce Lupetti , Inigo Martinez de Rituerto de Troya , Jie Yang

Perspective-aware spatial reasoning involves understanding spatial relationships from specific viewpoints-either egocentric (observer-centered) or allocentric (object-centered). While vision-language models (VLMs) perform well in egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jaeyun Jang , Seunghui Shin , Taeho Park , Hyoseok Hwang