Related papers: A Formal Foundation for ODRL

We present a second-order language that can be used to succinctly specify ontologies in a consistent and transparent manner. This language is based on ontology templates (OTTR), a framework for capturing recurring patterns of axioms in…

XML stands for the Extensible Markup Language. It is a markup language for documents, Nowadays XML is a tool to develop and likely to become a much more common tool for sharing data and store. XML can communicate structured information to…

XPath is a language for addressing parts of an XML document. We give an abstract interpretation of XPath expressions in terms of relations on document node types. Node-set-related XPath language constructs are mapped straightforwardly onto…

Data has become a crucial resource in the digital economy, fostering initiatives for secure and sovereign data sharing frameworks such as Data Spaces. However, these distributed environments require fine-grained access control mechanisms…

This study presents an approach that uses large language models such as GPT-4 to generate usage policies in the W3C Open Digital Rights Language ODRL automatically from natural language instructions. Our approach uses the ODRL ontology and…

Extensible markup language (XML) is a technology that has been much hyped, so that XML has become an industry buzzword. Behind the hype is a powerful technology for data representation in a platform independent manner. As a text document,…

The W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a powerful knowledge representation formalism at the basis of many semantic-centric applications. Since its unrestricted usage makes reasoning undecidable already in case of very simple tasks,…

We introduce and investigate here a formalisation for conditionals that allows the definition of a broad class of reasoning systems. This framework covers the most popular kinds of conditional reasoning in logic-based KR: the semantics we…

Requirements are informal and semi-formal descriptions of the expected behavior of a complex system from the viewpoints of its stakeholders (customers, users, operators, designers, and engineers). However, for the purpose of design,…

Normative non-functional requirements specify constraints that a system must observe in order to avoid violations of social, legal, ethical, empathetic, and cultural norms. As these requirements are typically defined by non-technical system…

We present NaturalOWL, a natural language generation system that produces texts describing individuals or classes of OWL ontologies. Unlike simpler OWL verbalizers, which typically express a single axiom at a time in controlled, often not…

The Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) represents policy constraints as triples of a left operand, an operator, and a value. Several spatial operands, however, range over multi-axis domains such as width, height, and depth, while the…

Ontologies are traditionally expressed in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), that provides a syntax for expressing taxonomies with axioms regulating class membership. The semantics of OWL, based on Description Logic (DL), allows for the use…

We propose a rule-based technique to generate redundancy-free NL descriptions of OWL entities.The existing approaches which address the problem of verbalizing OWL ontologies generate NL text segments which are close to their counterpart OWL…

We propose a formalism for representation of finite languages, referred to as the class of IDL-expressions, which combines concepts that were only considered in isolation in existing formalisms. The suggested applications are in natural…

This paper explores how natural-language descriptions of formal languages can be compared to their formal representations and how semantic differences can be explained. This is motivated from educational scenarios where learners describe a…

This paper presents LEXR, a framework for explaining the decision making of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using a formal description language called Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). LTL is the de facto standard for the specification of…

Transforming XML documents with conventional XML languages, like XSL-T, is disadvantageous because there is too lax abstraction on the target language and it is rather difficult to recognize rule-oriented transformations. Prolog as a…

In this paper we present NLML (Natural Language Markup Language), a markup language to describe the syntactic and semantic structure of any grammatically correct English expression. At first the related works are analyzed to demonstrate the…

Probabilistic puzzles can be confusing, partly because they are formulated in natural languages - full of unclarities and ambiguities - and partly because there is no widely accepted and intuitive formal language to express them. We propose…