Related papers: Entangled messages
In a recent paper [Z. J. Zhang and Z. X. Man, Phys. Rev. A 72, 022303(2005)], a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol based on entanglement swapping was presented. However, as we show, this protocol is insecure in the sense that an…
We present a quantum scheme for signing contracts between two clients (Alice and Bob) using entangled states and the services of a third trusted party (Trent). The trusted party is only contacted for the initialization of the protocol, and…
We present a dense coding scheme between one sender and two receivers, which guarantees that the receivers simultaneously obtain their respective messages. In our scheme, the quantum entanglement channel is first locked by the sender so…
We present a device-independent quantum scheme for the {\em Byzantine Generals} problem. The protocol is for three parties. Party $C$ is to send two identical one bit messages to parties $A$ and $B$. The receivers $A$ and $B$ may exchange…
Quantum teleportation can be performed if and only if a message is combined with a maximally entangled state. Bennett et al. originally claimed this feasibility condition. In this paper, I give a proof of that condition. Moreover, I specify…
A class of quantum protocols to teleport bipartite (entangled) states of two qubits is suggested. Our schemes require a single entangled pair shared by the two parties and the transmission of three bits of classical information, as well as…
We review the problem of discriminating entangled states from separable states for bipartite systems. We formally define what entangled states are, present some important criteria to detect entanglement, and show how they can be classified…
People are frequently required to send documents, forms, or other materials containing sensitive data (e.g., personal information, medical records, financial data) to remote parties, sometimes without a formal procedure to do so securely.…
Informally, steganography is the process of exchanging a secret message between two communicating entities so that an eavesdropper may not know that a message has been sent. After a review of some steganographic systems, we found that these…
We present a scheme for quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption. The two authorized users use repeatedly a sequence of the pure entangled pairs (quantum key) shared for encrypting and decrypting the secret message…
Secure communications are playing increasing roles in society, particularly in finance, journalism, and military projects. Current methods of securing e-mail and similar messaging methods rely on encryption of the message body, but the…
We propose a new measure of quantum entanglement. Our measure is defined in terms of conditional information transmission for a Quantum Bayesian Net. We show that our measure is identically equal to the Entanglement of Formation in the case…
Quantum information contained in single-particle states can be masked by mapping them to entangled states. In this paper, we consider entanglement swapping under the masking of quantum information. Our work can pave the way for developing…
European lawmakers have ruled that users on different platforms should be able to exchange messages with each other. Yet messaging interoperability opens up a Pandora's box of security and privacy challenges. While championed not just as an…
In this paper we propose a protocol of quantum communication to achieve Byzantine agreement among multiple parties. The striking feature of our proposal in comparison to the existing protocols is that we do not use entanglement to achieve…
We propose here a two-round relativistic bit commitment scheme where committer commits in the first round and then confirms his/her commitment in the second round. The scheme offers indefinite commitment time where both committer and…
Entanglement resources can increase transmission rates substantially. Unfortunately, entanglement is a fragile resource that is quickly degraded by decoherence effects. In order to generate entanglement for optical communication, the…
We present a scheme for three-party simultaneous quantum secure direct communication by using EPR pairs. In the scheme, three legitimate parties can simultaneously exchange their secret messages. It is also proved to be secure against the…
We report two key distribution schemes achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. Using two Bell states, two bits of secret key can be shared between two distant parties that play symmetric and equal roles. We also address eavesdropping…
Brun, Devetak, and Hsieh [Science 314, 436 (2006)] demonstrated that pre-shared entanglement between sender and receiver enables quantum communication protocols that have better parameters than schemes without the assistance of…